In order to enhance safety rail passengers occupying longitudinal seats, the risk to occupants in the event of collision were identified by means of a sled test. Taking the hypothesis of a train colliding with something in the direction of travel, the behaviour and injuries of the ES ‐2 dummy on a longitudinal seat we ere estimated. The results of the test made it clear that the collision position and the secondary impact velocity of the dummy’s head to the bench‐end partition depends on the initial position of the dummy in the same input acceleration. The head injury to the passenger next to the bench‐end partition is low and the head and thorax injury to the passenger far from the bench‐end partition are low because of the leaning occupant. These findings show that the high risk initial positions of an occupant on longitudinal seating are passengers seated second‐furthest and third‐furthest away from the bench‐end partition.