This paper reviews the present state of knowledge in the areas of both primary and secondary safety. It then describes current projects in the United Kingdom that will provide an up-to-date picture of injury patterns and mechanisms of injury to car occupants and the more vulnerable road users. Finally, future research needs are considered: proposals include combined at-the-scene and injury studies concentrating on crash reconstruction, and intermediate level studies on a nationwide basis to assess risks of injury in relation to changes in vehicle design.