Researchers at the U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory (USAARL) recently concluded that weight-moment of head-supported devices (HSDs) worn by male aviators should not exceed 82.8 ± 22.9 Newton-centimeters (N-cm). The goal of this study was to define a safe range of weights and centers of mass of HSDs that can be tolerated by female helicopter pilots without affecting their health or degrading their performance. Twelve subjects were exposed to whole-body vibration while wearing an HSD with various mass properties. During exposure, biomechanical head acceleration, neck muscle activities, and performance responses were recorded. This paper reports the biomechanical response findings. Head pitch, anterior-posterior, and axial accelerations were measured for 12 different helmet configurations during sinusoidal vertical vibration having a magnitude of 0.45 m/s2 and frequencies swept from 2 Hz to 17 Hz at the rate of 0.25 Hz/sec. Results indicated that head pitch and axial acceleration levels for female subjects were lower than those for their male counterparts. This may be attributed to differences in seat damping characteristics between the male and female studies as well as gender differences in neck muscle density. It was found that negative loading has a detrimental effect on females but not on males. Results also showed differences in magnitude of head pitch acceleration between weight moments higher and lower than 91.3 + 28.6 N-cm, compatible to that recommended for their male counterparts (82.8 ± 22.9 N-cm). Based on the biomechanical response alone, it is recommended that the design criteria of HSDs mass properties should not be gender sensitive. However, further analysis of the physiological and performance responses need to be carried out prior to making a final recommendation.
Keywords:
Helicopters, females, head supported devices, aviation, neck fatigue, neck strength, center of mass