Passenger car drivers:​ annual injury incidence and costs projected to 2005

Martin, Peter G.; Crandall, Jeff R.; Pilkey, Walter D.; Miller, Ted R.

Affiliations

¹Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia

²National Public Services Research Institute, Landover, Maryland

Abstract

Crashes involving passenger car drivers in head-on collisions were examined for changes in injury patterns due to increasing seat belt and air bag availability. Annual injury costs and incidence levels (by body region and severity) were estimated for years 1990 through 2005. Over that period, severe injuries and fatalities are anticipated to decrease by 10% and 35%, respectively, despite a predicted 54% rise in the number of head-on crashes. Upper and lower extremity injuries, however, are expected to increase in terms of cost and incidence, while brain and trunk injuries diminish. Moreover, lower extremity injuries are projected to move ahead of trunk and brain injuries to become the most costly injuries by 2001.

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Cited By (6)

Year	Entry
2003	Hynd D, Willis C, Roberts A, Lowne R, Hopcroft R, Manning P, Wallace WA. The development of an injury criteria for axial loading to the THOR-Lx based on PMHS testing. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 19-22, 2003; Nagoya, Japan.
2000	McMaster J, Parry M, Wallace WA, Wheeler L, Owen C, Lowne R, Oakley C, Roberts AK. Biomechanics of ankle and hindfoot injuries in dynamic axial loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2000;44:357-377. SAE 2000-01-SC23.
2004	Rudd R, Crandall J, Millington S, Hurwitz S, Höglund N. Injury tolerance and response of the ankle joint in dynamic dorsiflexion. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:1-26. SAE 2004-22-0001.
2004	Hardin EC, Su A, van den Bogert AJ. Foot and ankle forces during an automobile collision: the influence of muscles. J Biomech. 2004;37(5):637-644.
2000	Funk JR. The Effect of Active Muscle Tension on the Axial Impact Tolerance of the Human Foot/ankle Complex [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; August 2000.
2005	Rudd RW. Injury Tolerance of the Human Ankle in Impact-Induced Dorsiflexion [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; January 2005.