Children are not miniature adults

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Tarriere, Claude¹

Children are not miniature adults

Proceedings of the 1995 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Automobile Biomedical Department, Renault Research & Development Division
Abstract
Recent accident research studies. confirm on larger samples the specific vulnerable points of children:
- at the neck level for the youngest,
- at the abdominal level for those who, below age 10-12, use the adult seat belt.
Technical solutions are available : "rearward-facing " seats for the youngest, and boosters cushions above age 3 or 4. Dynamic test procedures encounter serious limitations due to dummy shortcomings and the scant data available to determine protection criteria.

A considerable research is needed, including research on lateral impacts.

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Cited By (20)

Year	Entry
1997	Isaksson-Hellman I, Jakobsson L, Gustafsson C, Norin H. Trends and effects of child restraint systems based on Volvo's Swedish accident database. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Child Occupant Protection Symposium. November 12, 1997; Orlando, FL.43-54. SAE 973299.
1996	Chamouard F, Tarrière C, Baudrit P. Protection of children on board vehicles: influence of pelvis design and thigh and abdomen stiffness on the submarining risk for dummies installed on a booster. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 13-16, 1996; Melbourne, Australia.1063-1075.
1998	Öhlund A, Palmertz C, Korner J, Nygren M, Bohman K. The inflatable curtain (IC): a new head protection system in side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1846-1857.
2005	Jakobsson L, Isaksson-Hellman I, Lundell B. Safety for the growing child: experiences from Swedish accident data. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2011	Jakobsson L, Bohman K, Andersson M, Stockman I, Boström O, Svensson M, Svanberg H, Wimmerstedt M, Arbogast KB. Rear seat safety in frontal to side impacts: focusing on occupants from 3yrs to small adults. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2013	Whitman GR, Hart AV III, Sicher L, Benda B, D’Aulerio LA. Minimizing the risk of lap/shoulder belted children submarining the lap belt in frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2017	Jakobsson L, Bohman K, Stockman I, Svensson M, Wimmerstedt M, Arbogast KB. Rear seat safety for children aged 4-12: identifying the real-world needs towards development of countermeasures. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2019	Tushak S, Maheshwari J, Belwadi A. Responses of the scaled infant human body model in simulated frontal motor vehicle crashes. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 10-13, 2019; Eindhoven, Netherlands.
2013	Carlsson A, Strandroth J, Bohman K, Stockman I, Svensson MY, Wenäll J, Gummesson M, Turbell T, Jakobsson L. Review of child car occupant fatalities in Sweden during six decades. In: Proceedings of the 2013 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2013; Gothenburg, Sweden.868-881.
2017	Baker G, Stockman I, Bohman K, Jakobsson L, Svensson M, Osvalder A, Wimmerstedt M. Kinematics and shoulder belt engagement of children on belt‐positioning boosters during emergency braking events. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.327-340.
2020	Visvikis C, Thurn C, Müller T. Investigation of different methods of improving the assessment of booster seats in light of dummy and sensor capabilities. In: Proceedings of the 2020 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. 2020; Munich, Germany.487-498.
2003	Parenteau C, Viano DC. Field data analysis of rear occupant injuries, I: adults and teenagers. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 3-6, 2003; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2003-01-0153.
2003	Parenteau C, Viano DC. Field data analysis of rear occupant injuries, II: children, toddlers and infants. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 3-6, 2003; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2003-01-0154.
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2004	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Longhitano D, Okamoto M. Lateral injury criteria for the 6-year-old pedestrian, II: criteria for the upper and lower extremities. In: Proceedings of the SAE World Congress & Exhibition. March 8-11, 2004; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 2004-01-1755.
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2022	Brenander E. Every Child’s Inherent Right to Ride Safely in Cars: A Design Proposal Accommodating Child Protection in the Standard Vehicle Design [Master's thesis]. Linnaeus University; June 10, 2022.
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