Significance of soft tissue neck injuries AIS 1 in the accident scene and deformation characteristics of cars with delta-V up to 10 km/h

wbldb

Otte, D.¹; Pohlemann, T.²; Blauth, M.²

Significance of soft tissue neck injuries AIS 1 in the accident scene and deformation characteristics of cars with delta-V up to 10 km/h

Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹Accident Research Unit, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany

²Trauma Department, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
Abstract

The task of this study is to analyse the injury pattern of soft tissue neck injuries AIS 1 so called distortions, the descriptions of pains and the deformation characteristics of the cars in low speed collision up to delta-v 10 km/h in frontal and rear end collisions. 50% of distortions occur under frontal collisions. The basis of this study are 1238 belted car occupants with neck distortions AIS 1 documented by the in-depth-investigation team of the Accident Research Unit at Medical University Hannover. The detailed deformation characteristics of 117 belted car occupants with delta-v up to 10 km/h are analysed compared to the injury pattern and long term consequences. Pain descriptions are analysed with questionnaires sent to these patients several years after event.

Cited Works (4)

Year	Entry
1953	Gay JR, Abbott KH. Common whiplash injuries of the neck. JAMA. August 29, 1953;152(18):1698-1704.
1996	Szabo TJ, Welcher JB. Human subject kinematics and electromyographic activity during low speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 40th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 4-6, 1996; Albuquerque, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:295-315. SAE 962432.
1990	The Abbreviated Injury Scale-1990 Revision. Des Plaines, IL: Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM); 1990.
1995	Otte D. Review of the air bag effectiveness in real life accidents demands: for positioning and optimal deployment of air bag systems. In: Proceedings of the 39th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1995; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:1-10. SAE 952701.

Cited By (15)

Year	Entry
1998	Boström O, Håland Y, Fredriksson R, Svensson MY, Mellander H. A sled test procedure proposal to evaluate the risk of neck injury in low speed rear impacts using a new neck injury criterion (NIC). In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1579-1585.
1998	Lundell B, Jakobsson L, Alfredsson B, Lindström M, Simonsson L. The WHIPS seat: a car seat for improved protection against neck injuries in rear end impacts. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1586-1596.
2005	Eis V, Sferco R, Fay P. A detailed analysis of the characteristics of European rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
1998	Temming J, Zobel R. Frequency and risk of cervical spine distortion injuries in passenger car accidents: significance of human factors data. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 16-18, 1998; Göteberg, Sweden.219-233.
1999	Jakobsson L, Norin H. Suggestions for evaluation criteria of neck injury protection in rear end car impacts. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.271-282.
2000	Jakobsson L, Norin H, Isaksson-Hellman I. Parameters influencing the risk of AIS1 neck injuries in frontal and side impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.235-245.
2001	Fay PA, Sferco R, Frampton R. Multiple impact crashes consequences for occupant protection measures. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
1998	Lundell B, Jakobsson L, Alfredsson B, Jernström C, Isaksson-Hellman I. Guidelines for and the design of a car seat concept for improved protection against neck injuries in rear end car impacts. In: Proceedings of the SAE International Congress & Exposition. February 23-26, 1998; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers. SAE 980301.
2000	Jakobsson L, Lundell B, Norin H, Isaksson-Hellman I. WHIPS: Volvo’s whiplash protection study. Accid Anal Prev. March 2000;32(2):307-319.
2001	Welcher JB, Szabo TJ. Relationships between seat properties and human subject kinematics in rear impact tests. Accid Anal Prev. May 2001;33(3):289-304.
2002	Jakobsson L, Norin H. Suggestions for evaluation criteria of neck injury protection in rear-end car impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2002;3(3):216-223.
2004	Jakobsson L, Norin H, Svensson MY. Parameters influencing AIS 1 neck injury outcome in frontal impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. 2004;5(2):156-163.
2008	Hedenstierna S. 3D Finite Element Modeling of Cervical Musculature and Its Effect on Neck Injury Prevention [PhD thesis]. Sweden, Royal Institute of Technology; 2008.
2004	Mordaka JK. Finite Element Analysis of Whiplash Injury for Women [PhD thesis]. Nottingham, UK: Nottingham Trent University; September 2004.
2020	Shen D. Investigation of Whiplash Associated Disorders Using Finite Element Neck Models With Active Musculature in Frontal, Rear and Lateral Impact [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020.