Forces acting on the metatarsals during normal walking

Stokes, I. A. F.; Hutton, W. C.; Stott, J. R. R.

Affiliations

¹Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LD

²The Polytechnic of Central London, London WJM 8JS

Links

PubMed: 541241

PubMedCentral: PMC1233023

WoS: A1979HS62600011

History

Accepted: 1978-10-25

Cited Works (1)

Year	Entry
1975	Stokes IAF. An Analysis of the Forces on Normal and Pathological Human Feet [PhD thesis]. Polytechnic of Central London; 1975.

Cited By (36)

Year	Entry
2002	Currey JD. Bones: Structure and Mechanics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 2002.
2014	Garras DN, Anderson RB. Turf toe. In: Philbin TM, ed. Sports Injuries of the Foot: Evolving Diagnosis and Treatment. New York, NY: Springer; 2014:23-33.
2016	Hsu AR, Anderson RB. Sesamoid and capsule lesions of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. In: Valderrabano V, Easley M, eds. Foot and Ankle Sports Orthopaedics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016:355-364.
2005	Griffin NL, Richmond BG. Cross-sectional geometry of the human forefoot. Bone. August 2005;37(2):253-260.
2001	Jacob HAC. Forces acting in the forefoot during normal gait: an estimate. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). November 2001;16(9):783-792.
1996	Aper RL, Saltzman CL, Brown TD. The effect of hallux sesamoid excision on the flexor hallucis longus moment arm. Clin Orthop Relat Res. April 1996;325:209-217.
1998	Athanasiou KA, Liu GT, Lavery LA, Lanctot DR, Schenck RC Jr. Biomechanical topography of human articular cartilage in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1998;348:269-281.
2012	Frimenko RE, Lievers WB, Coughlin MJ, Anderson RB, Crandall JR, Kent RW. Etiology and biomechanics of first metatarsophalangeal joint sprains (turf toe) in athletes. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;40(1):43-61.
2005	Kristen K-H, Berger K, Berger C, Kampla W, Anzböck W, Weitzel SH. The first metatarsal bone under loading conditions: a finite element analysis. Foot and Ankle Clinics. 2005;10(1):1-14.
1994	Aper RL, Saltzman CL, Brown TD. The effect of hallux sesamoid resection on the effective moment of the flexor hallucis brevis. Foot Ankle Int. September 1994;15(9):462-470.
1997	Ahn T-K, Kitaoka HB, Luo Z-P, An K-N. Kinematics and contact characteristics of the first metatarsophalangel joint. Foot Ankle Int. 1997;18(3):170-174.
1999	Sharkey NA, Donahue SW, Ferris L. Biomechanical consequences of plantar fascia release or rupture during gait, II: alterations in forefoor loading. Foot Ankle Int. February 1999;20(2):86-96.
2008	Kirane YM, Michelson JD, Sharkey NA. Contribution of the flexor hallucis longus to loading of the first metatarsal and first metatarsophalangeal joint. Foot Ankle Int. April 2008;29(4):367-377.
2000	Lidke RH, Patel D, Muehleman C. Calcaneal bone mineral density and mechanical strength of the metatarsals. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. October 2000;90(9):435-440.
2004	Fauth AR, Hamel AJ, Sharkey NA. In vitro measurements of first and second tarsometatarsal joint stiffness. J Appl Biomech. 2004;20(1):14-24.
1986	Salathé EP Jr, Arangio GA, Salathé EP. A biomechanical model of the foot. J Biomech. 1986;19(12):989-1001.
1993	Scott SH, Winter DA. Biomechanical model of the human foot: kinematics and kinetics during the stance phase of walking. J Biomech. 1993;26(9):1091-1104.
2002	Arndt A, Ekenman I, Westblad P, Lundberg A. Effects of fatigue and load variation on metatarsal deformation measured in vivo during barefoot walking. J Biomech. May 2002;35(5):621-628.
2008	Kirane YM, Michelson JD, Sharkey NA. Evidence of isometric function of the flexor hallucis longus muscle in normal gait. J Biomech. 2008;41(9):1919-1928.
1995	Sharkey NA, Ferris L, Smith TS, Matthews DK. Strain and loading of the second metatarsal during heel-lift. J Bone Joint Surg. July 1995;77A(7):1050-1057.
1999	Donahue SW, Sharkey NA. Strains in the metatarsals during the stance phase of gait: implications for stress fractures. J Bone Joint Surg. September 1999;81A(9):1236-1244.
1989	Hetherington VJ, Carnett J, Patterson BA. Motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. J Foot Surg. 1989;28(1):13-19.
2010	McCormick JJ, Anderson RB. Turf toe: anatomy, diagnosis, and treatment. Sports Health. ;2(6):487-494.
2003	Sammarco VJ. Principles and techniques in rehabilitation of the athlete's foot, IV: rehabilitation of static joints. Tech Foot Ankle Surg. 2003;2(4):272-279.
2009	Sirimamilla PA. Elaborate Experimentation for Mechanical Characterization of Human Foot Using Inverse Finite Element Analysis [Master's thesis]. Cleveland, OH: Case Western Reserve University; January 2009.
2011	Kumar A. Design of an Implant for First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Hemiarthroplasty [PhD thesis]. Cleveland State University; June 2011.
2020	Ellison MA. Beam Theory and Finite Element Approaches to Modelling the Stresses in the Second Metatarsal During Running [PhD thesis]. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter; March 2020.
2009	Meardon SA. Skeletal Loading: Implications for Injury and Treatment [PhD thesis]. Iowa State University; 2009.
1991	Ploeg H-L. An Evaluation of a Joint Replacement for the Great Toe: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Study [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; September 1991.
2012	Emerson NJ. Development of Patient-Specific CT-FE Modelling of Bone Through Validation Using Porcine Femora [PhD thesis]. University of Sheffield; September 2012.
1989	Morlock M. A Generalized Three-Dimensional Six-Segment Model of the Ankle and the Foot [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; December 1989.
2016	Firminger CR. Effects of Minimalist Footwear and Stride Length Reduction on Metatarsal Strains and the Probability of Stress Fracture in Running [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; July 2016.
2017	Fung A. Experimental Validation of Finite Element Predicted Bone Strain in the Human Metatarsal [Master's thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; April 2017.
1999	Donahue SW. Bone Strain and Microdamage At Stress Fracture Sites in Human Metatarsals [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 1999.
2013	Frimenko RE. Injury Mechanism and Threshold of Acute First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Sprains [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2013.
2019	Honert EC. Ankle and Foot Biomechanics During Human Walking: Powerful Insights on Multiarticular Muscles, Soft Tissues, and Toe Joint Dynamics [PhD thesis]. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University; May 10, 2019.