A comparison between a child-size PMHS and the Hybrid III 6 YO in a sled frontal impact

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Lopez-Valdes, Francisco J.¹; Forman, Jason¹; Kent, Richard¹; Bostrom, Ola²; Segui-Gomez, Maria³

A comparison between a child-size PMHS and the Hybrid III 6 YO in a sled frontal impact

53rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM)

Affiliations

¹University of Virginia, Center for Applied Biomechanics

²Autoliv Research

³European Center for Injury Prevention, Universidad de Navarra
Abstract

As pediatric PMHS data are extremely limited, evidence of kinematic differences between pediatric ATDs and live humans comes from comparison of laboratory data to field crash data. Despite the existence of regulations intended to prevent head injuries, these remain the most common serious injuries sustained by children in crashes. In this study, nine frontal sled tests using a Hybrid III 6YO and three tests performed with a child-size adult PMHS were compared, with focus on the kinematic responses (especially of the head) and the seatbelt forces generated during the impact. Two different restraint systems (a pretensioning, force-limiting seatbelt, and a non pretensioning force-limiting standard belt) and two different impact speeds (29 km/h and 48 km/h) were compared. Data from the PMHS were scaled using the erect sitting height of a 50th percentile 6YO and both scaled and unscaled data are presented. The ATD predicted correctly the peak values of the scaled displacements of the PMHS, but differences in relevant parameters such as torso angle and resultant acceleration at different locations were found between the dummy and the PMHS. The ATD’s stiffer thoracic spine is hypothesized as a major cause of these differences.

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Cited By (24)

Year	Entry
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2012	Seacrist T, Samuels M, García-España JF, Arbogast KB, Mathews EA, Balasubramanian S, Maltese MR, Longhitano D, St. Lawrence S. Kinematic comparison of the Hybrid III and Q-series pediatric ATDs to pediatric volunteers in low-speed frontal crashes. In: 56th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 14-17, 2012; Seattle, WA.285-298.
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2011	Lopez‐Valdes FJ, Seacrist T, Balasubramanian S, Maltese MR, Arbogast KB, Tanji H, Higuchi K, Kent R. Comparing the kinematics of the head and spine between volunteers and PMHS: a methodology to estimate the kinematics of pediatric occupants in a frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 2011 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2011; Krakow, Poland.287-300.
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2014	Ita M, Seacrist T, Dahle E, Bolte J IV, Kang YS. Comparison of Q3s ATD biomechanical responses to pediatric volunteers. In: Proceedings of the 10th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 18-20, 2014; Columbus, OH.
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2019	Holt CM. Understanding the Effects of Age and Safety Countermeasures on Occupant Kinematics in Low-Acceleration, Time-Extended Events [PhD thesis]. Drexel University; March 2019.
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2013	Lau SH. Assessment of Macropus Giganteus* as a Biomechanical Model of the Pediatric Thorax* [Master's thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2013.
2013	Lopez-Valdes FJ. Mechanics of the Pediatric Thoracic Spine and Its Role in the Kinematics of the Head in Automotive Frontal Impacts [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2013.