Jockeys’ head injuries and skull cap performance

Harrison, T. I.<sup>1</sup>; Mills, N. J.<sup>1</sup>; Turner, M. S.<sup>2</sup>

Affiliations

¹School of Metallurgy and Materials, University of Birmingham

²The Jockey Club, 42 Portman Square, London

Abstract

The Jockey Club collected skull caps after jockeys suffered concussive head injury. 56% of the newer design of cap showed impact sites near the lower rim of the cap, indicating that it offers improved protection. The impact damage of the caps was described. For some caps, head linear accelerations were estimated to about 100 g. Videos showed that several jockeys somersaulted as they hit the track, and that there was significant head rotation. For the caps with minor liner damage it was not possible to decide if concussion was caused by linear or angular head acceleration.

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Cited By (9)

Year	Entry
2013	Milne AJB. Blown Away: The Shedding and Oscillation of Sessile Drops by Cross Flowing Air [PhD thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; Spring 2013.
2016	Bourdet N, Mojumder S, Piantini S, Deck C, Pierini M, Willinger R. Proposal of a new motorcycle helmet test method for tangential impact. In: Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 14-16, 2016; Malaga, Spain.479-489.
2017	Clark JM, Connor TA, Williams C, Gilchrist MD. Damage to real world equestrian helmets sustained from impact against different surfaces. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.215-217.
2011	Forero Rueda MA, Cuia L, Gilchrist MD. Finite element modelling of equestrian helmet impacts exposes the need to address rotational kinematics in future helmet designs. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. December 2011;14(12):1021-1031.
2001	Halldin P, Gilchrist A, Mills NJ. A new oblique impact test for motorcycle helmets. Int J Crashworthiness. 2001;2(1):53-64.
2003	Aare M, Halldin P. A new laboratory rig for evaluating helmets subject to oblique impacts. Traffic Inj Prev. September 2003;4(3):240-248.
2019	Meng S. Towards Improved Motorcycle Helmet Test Methods for Head Impact Protection: Using Experimental and Numerical Methods [PhD thesis]. Huddinge, Sweden: KTH Royal Institute of Technology; 2019.
2017	Stuart CA. Snow Sport Head Injury: Characterization of Clinical Presentation and Design of a Relevant Head Impact Apparatus [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2017.
2018	Adanty K. A Comparison Between Two Oblique Test Protocols for Cycling Helmets [Master's thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2018.