For vehicle-pedestrian accidents, knowledge of pedestrian pre-impact speed aids in understanding post-impact kinematics, injury patterns and legal culpability. It is hypothesised that the transverse offset between the primary and secondary impact locations on the vehicle, which is often measureable from vehicle damage patterns, can be used to deduce pedestrian pre-impact speed. Following validation, a statistical tool based on a Constant Inertial Property (CIP) pedestrian model was used to evaluate this hypothesis. Results show that limits of pedestrian pre-impact speed can be predicted based on the transverse offset, if independent estimates of vehicle impact speed and possibly pedestrian stance are available.
Keywords:
Pedestrians; accident reconstructions; inertia; kinematics