Involutional osteoporosis

Riggs, B. Lawrence; Melton, III, L. Joseph

Year	Entry
1991	Cole DEC, Hanley DA. Osteocalcin. In: Hall BK, ed. Bone. Volume 3: Bone Matrix and Bone Specific Products. Boca Raton, FL: Inc., CRC Press; 1991:239-294.
1993	Keaveny TM, Hayes WC. Mechanical properties of cortical and trabecular bone. In: Hall BK, ed. Bone. Volume 7: Bone Growth — B. Boca Raton, FL: Inc., CRC Press; 1993:285-344.
2001	Villarraga ML, Ford CM. Applications of bone mechanics. In: Cowin SC, ed. Bone Mechanics Handbook. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2001:33-1–33-33.
2025	Goldman HM, Robbins Schug G. Pediatric bone histomorphology and environmental stresses. In: Stout SD, Crowder C, eds. Bone Histology: A Biological Anthropological Perspective. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2025:90-125.
1988	Melton LJ III, Chao EYS, Lane J. Biomechanical aspects of fractures. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:111-131.
1988	Melton LJ III. Epidemiology of fractures. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:133-154.
1988	Genant HK, Volger JB, Block JE. Radiology of osteoporosis. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:181-220.
1988	Eastell R, Heath H III, Kumar R, Riggs BL. Hormonal factors: PTH, vitamin D, and calcitonin. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:373-388.
1988	Gallagher JC. Drug therapy of osteoporosis: calcium, estrogen, and vitamin D. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:389-401.
1988	Sinaki M. Exercise and physical therapy. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:457-479.
1988	Riggs BL. Practical management of the patient with osteoporosis. In: Riggs BL, Melton LJ III, eds. Osteoporosis: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management. New York, NY: Raven Press; 1988:481-490.
1990	Snyder BD, Hayes WC. Multiaxial structure-property relations in trabecular bone. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 2. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:31-59.
1989	Melton LJ III, Kan SH, Frye MA, Wahner HW, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Epidemiology of vertebral fractures in women. Am J Epidemiol. May 1989;129(5):1000-1011.
1988	Dalsky GP, Stocke KS, Ehsani AA, Slatopolsky E, Lee WC, Birge SJ Jr. Weight-bearing exercise training and lumbar bone mineral content in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. June 1988;108(6):824-828.
1991	Chrischilles EA, Butler CD, Davis CS, Wallace RB. A model of lifetime osteoporosis impact. Arch Intern Med. October 1991;151(10):2026-2032.
1996	Amling M, Pösl M, Ritzel H, Hahn M, Vogel M, Wening VJ, Delling G. Architecture and distribution of cancellous bone yield vertebral fracture clues: a histomorphometric analysis of the complete spinal column from 40 autopsy specimens. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. July 1996;115(5):262-269.
2001	Justesen J, Stenderup K, Ebbesen EN, Mosekilde L, Steiniche T, Kassem M. Adipocyte tissue volume in bone marrow is increased with aging and in patients with osteoporosis. Biogerontology. September 2001;2(3):165-171.
1990	Mosekilde L, Mosekilde L. Sex differences in age-related changes in vertebral body size, density and biomechanical competence in normal individuals. Bone. 1990;11(2):67-73.
1993	Brockstedt H, Kassem M, Eriksen EF, Mosekilde L, Melsen F. Age- and sex-related changes in iliac cortical bone mass and remodeling. Bone. July–August 1993;14(4):681-691.
1995	Dempster DW, Birchman R, Xu R, Lindsay R, Shen V. Temporal changes in cancellous bone structure of rats immediately after ovariectomy. Bone. January 1995;16(1):157-161.
1995	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone. November 1995;17(5)(suppl 1):S505-S511.
1996	Wenzel TE, Schaffler MB, Fyhrie DP. In vivo trabecular microcracks in human vertebral bone. Bone. August 1996;19(2):89-95.
2000	Vashishth D, Koontz J, Qiu SJ, Lundin-Cannon D, Yeni YN, Schaffler MB, Fyhrie DP. In vivo diffuse damage in human vertebral trabecular bone. Bone. February 2000;26(2):147-152.
2000	Gadeleta SJ, Boskey AL, Paschalis E, Carlson C, Menschik F, Baldini T, Peterson M, Rimnac CM. A physical, chemical, and mechanical study of lumbar vertebrae from normal, ovariectomized, and nandrolone decanoate-treated cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis). Bone. October 2000;27(4):541-550.
2003	Srinivasan S, Agans SC, King KA, Moy NY, Poliachik SL, Gross TS. Enabling bone formation in the aged skeleton via rest-inserted mechanical loading. Bone. December 2003;33(6):946-955.
2020	Suva LJ, Westhusin ME, Long CR, Gaddy D. Engineering bone phenotypes in domestic animals: unique resources for enhancing musculoskeletal research. Bone. January 2020;130:115119.
1988	Wronski TJ, Cintrón M, Dann LM. Temporal relationship between bone loss and increased bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. Calcif Tiss Int. September 1988;43(3):179-183.
1989	Eriksson SAV, Isberg BO, Lindgren JU. Prediction of vertebral strength by dual photon absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography. Calcif Tiss Int. April 1989;44(4):243-250.
1989	Wronski TJ, Dann LM, Scott KS, Cintrón M. Long-term effects of ovariectomy and aging on the rat skeleton. Calcif Tiss Int. December 1989;45(6):360-366.
1990	Mazess RB. Fracture risk: a role for compact bone. Calcif Tiss Int. October 1990;47(4):191-193.
1992	Rubin CT, Bain SD, McLeod KJ. Suppression of the osteogenic response in the aging skeleton. Calcif Tiss Int. April 1992;50(4):306-313.
1993	Biewener AA. Safety factors in bone strength. Calcif Tiss Int. February 1993;53(suppl 1):S68-S74.
1993	Guy JA, Shea M, Peter CP, Morrissey R, Hayes WC. Continuous alendronate treatment throughout growth, maturation, and aging in the rat results in increases in bone mass and mechanical properties. Calcif Tiss Int. October 1993;53(4):283-288.
2008	Nazarian A, von Stechow D, Zurakowski D, Müller R, Snyder BD. Bone volume fraction explains the variation in strength and stiffness of cancellous bone affected by metastatic cancer and osteoporosis. Calcif Tiss Int. December 2008;83(6):368-379.
1999	Kreiger N, Tenenhouse A, Joseph L, Mackenzie T, Poliquin S, Brown JP, Prior JC, Rittmaster RS. The Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis study (CaMos): background, rationale, methods. Can J Aging. 1999;18(3):376-387.
2000	Ducy P, Amling M, Takeda S, Priemel M, Schilling AF, Beil FT, Shen J, Vinson C, Rueger JM, Karsenty G. Leptin inhibits bone formation through a hypothalamic relay: a central control of bone mass. Cell. January 21, 2000;100(2):197-207.
2001	Gong Y, Slee RB, Fukai N, Rawadi G, Roman-Roman S, Reginato AM, Wang H, Cundy T, Glorieux FH, Lev D, Zacharin M, Oexle K, Marcelino J, Suwairi W, Heeger S, Sabatakos G, Apte S, Adkins WN, Allgrove J, Arslan-Kirchner M, Batch JA, Beighton P, Black GCM, Boles RG, Boon LM, Borrone C, Brunner HG, Carle GF, Dallapiccola B, De Paepe A, Floege B, Halfhide ML, Hall B, Hennekam RC, Hirose T, Jans A, Jüppner H, Kim CA, Keppler-Noreuil K, Kohlschuetter A, LaCombe D, Lambert M, Lemyre E, Letteboer T, Peltonen L, Ramesar RS, Romanengo M, Somer H, Steichen-Gersdorf E, Steinmann B, Sullivan B, Superti-Furga A, Swoboda W, van den Boogaard M-J, Van Hul W, Vikkula M, Votruba M, Zabel B, Garcia T, Baron R, Olsen BR, Warman ML. LDL receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) affects bone accrual and eye development. Cell. November 16, 2001;107(4):513-523.
2007	Tatsumi S, Ishii K, Amizuka N, Li M, Kobayashi T, Kohno K, Ito M, Takeshita S, Ikeda K. Targeted ablation of osteocytes induces osteoporosis with defective mechanotransduction. Cell Metab. June 2007;5(6):464-475.
1992	Barth RW, Williams JL, Kaplan FS. Osteon morphometry in females with femoral neck fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. October 1992;283:178-186.
1988	Wronski TJ, Cintron M, Doherty AL, Dann LM. Estrogen treatment prevents osteopenia and depresses bone turnover in ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology. August 1988;123(2):681-686.
2000	Manolagas SC. Birth and death of bone cells: basic regulatory mechanisms and implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. April 2000;21(2):115-137.
2002	Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ III. Sex steroids and the construction and conservation of the adult skeleton. Endocr Rev. June 2002;23(3):279-302.
1994	Greenspan SL, Myers ER, Maitland LA, Resnick NM, Hayes WC. Fall severity and bone mineral density as risk factors for hip fracture in ambulatory elderly. JAMA. January 12, 1994;271(2):128-133.
1997	Feik SA, Thomas CDL, Clement JG. Age‐related changes in cortical porosity of the midshaft of the human femur. J Anat. October 1997;191(3):407-416.
2005	Thomas CDL, Feik SA, Clement JG. Regional variation of intracortical porosity in the midshaft of the human femur: age and sex differences. J Anat. February 2005;206(2):115-125.
1990	Rubin CT, McLeod KJ, Bain SD. Functional strains and cortical bone adaptation: epigenetic assurance of skeletal integrity. J Biomech. 1990;23(suppl 1):43-54.
1991	Robinovitch SN, Hayes WC, McMahon TA. Prediction of femoral impact forces in falls on the hip. J Biomech Eng. November 1991;113(4):366-374.
1998	Singer BR, McLauchlan GJ, Robinson CM, Christie J. Epidemiology of fractures in 15 000 adults: the influence of age and gender. J Bone Joint Surg. March 1998;80B(2):243-248.
1988	Mazess RB, Barden H, Ettinger M, Schultz E. Bone density of the radius, spine, and proximal femur in osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. February 1988;3(1):13-18.
1990	Eriksen EF, Hodgson SF, Eastell R, Cedel SL, O'Fallon WM, Riggs BL. Cancellous bone remodeling in type I (postmenopausal) osteoporosis: quantitative assessment of rates of formation, resorption, and bone loss at tissue and cellular levels. J Bone Miner Res. April 1990;5(4):311-319.
1991	Foldes J, Parfitt AM, Shih MS, Rao DS, Kleerekoper M. Structural and geometric changes in iliac bone: relationship to normal aging and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. July 1991;6(7):759-766.
1995	Kinney JH, Lane NE, Haupt DL. In vivo, three‐dimensional microscopy of trabecular bone. J Bone Miner Res. February 1995;10(2):264-270.
1995	Pruitt LA, Taaffe DR, Marcus R. Effects of a one-year high-intensity versus low-intensity resistance training program on bone mineral density in older women. J Bone Miner Res. November 1995;10(11):1788-1795.
1996	Amling M, Herden S, Pösl M, Hahn M, Ritzel H, Delling G. Heterogeneity of the skeleton: comparison of the trabecular microarchitecture of the spine, the iliac crest, the femur, and the calcaneus. J Bone Miner Res. January 1996;11(1):36-45.
1997	Ritzel H, Amling M, Pösl M, Hahn M, Delling G. The thickness of human vertebral cortical bone and its changes in aging and osteoporosis: a histomorphometric analysis of the complete spinal column from thirty‐seven autopsy specimens. J Bone Miner Res. January 1997;12(1):89-95.
1998	Riggs BL, Khosla S, Melton LJ III. A unitary model for involutional osteoporosis: estrogen deficiency causes both type I and type II osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and contributes to bone loss in aging men. J Bone Miner Res. May 1998;13(5):763-773.
1999	Stein MS, Feik SA, Thomas CDL, Clement JG, Wark JD. An automated analysis of intracortical porosity in human femoral bone across age. J Bone Miner Res. April 1999;14(4):624-632.
2000	Ciarelli TE, Fyhrie DP, Schaffler MB, Goldstein SA. Variations in three‐dimensional cancellous bone architecture of the proximal femur in female hip fractures and in controls. J Bone Miner Res. 2000;15(1):32-40.
2000	Oleksik A, Ott SM, Vedi S, Bravenboer N, Compston J, Lips P. Bone structure in patients with low bone mineral density with or without vertebral fractures. J Bone Miner Res. July 2000;15(7):1368-1375.
2001	Duan Y, Turner CH, Kim B-T, Seeman E. Sexual dimorphism in vertebral fragility is more the result of gender differences in age-related bone gain than bone loss. J Bone Miner Res. December 2001;16(12):2267-2275.
2002	Gross TS, Srinivasan S, Liu CC, Clemens TL, Bain SD. Noninvasive loading of the murine tibia: an in vivo model for the study of mechanotransduction. J Bone Miner Res. March 2002;17(3):493-501.
2005	Riggs BL, Parfitt AM. Drugs used to treat osteoporosis: the critical need for a uniform nomenclature based on their action on bone remodeling. J Bone Miner Res. February 2005;20(2):177-184.
2015	Zebaze R, Seeman E. Cortical bone: a challenging geography. J Bone Miner Res. January 2015;30(1):24-29.
2020	Cline‐Smith A, Axelbaum A, Shashkova E, Chakraborty M, Sanford J, Panesar P, Peterson M, Cox L, Baldan A, Veis D, Aurora R. Ovariectomy activates chronic low‐grade inflammation mediated by memory t cells, which promotes osteoporosis in mice. J Bone Miner Res. June 2020;35(6):1174-1187.
1998	Khosla S, Melton LJ III, Atkinson EJ, O’Fallon WM, Klee GG, Riggs BL. Relationship of serum sex steroid levels and bone turnover markers with bone mineral density in men and women: a key role for bioavailable estrogen. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. July 1998;83(7):2266-2274.
1989	Cummings SR, Nevitt MC. A hypothesis: the causes of hip fractures. J Gerontol Med Sci. September 1989;44(5):M107-M111.
1988	Ruff CB, Hayes WC. Sex differences in age‐related remodeling of the femur and tibia. J Orthop Res. November 1988;6(6):886-896.
1998	Augat P, Iida H, Jiang Y, Diao E, Genant HK. Distal radius fractures: mechanisms of injury and strength prediction by bone mineral assessment. J Orthop Res. August 1998;16(5):629-635.
1990	Riggs BL, Hodgson SF, O'Fallon WM, Chao EYS, Wahner HW, Muhs JM, Cedel SL, Melton LJ III. Effect of fluoride treatment on the fracture rate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. NEJM. March 22, 1990;322(12):802-809.
1990	Watts NB, Harris ST, Genant HK, Wasnich RD, Miller PD, Jackson RD, Licata AA, Ross P, Woodson GC III, Yanover MJ, Mysiw WJ, Kohse L, Rao MB, Steiger P, Richmond B, Chesnut CH III. Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. NEJM. July 12, 1990;323(2):73-79.
1991	Grisso JA, Kelsey JL, Strom BL, Chiu GY, Maislin G, O'Brien LA, Hoffman S, Kaplan F; Northeast Hip Fracture Study Group. Risk factors for falls as a cause of hip fracture in women. NEJM. May 9, 1991;324(19):1326-1331.
1992	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. The prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. NEJM. August 27, 1992;327(9):620-627.
1991	Hayes WC, Piazza SJ, Zysset PK. Biomechanics of fracture risk prediction of the hip and spine by quantitative computed tomography. Radiol Clin North Am. 1991;29(1):1-18.
2016	Pisani P, Renna MD, Conversano F, Casciaro E, Di Paola M, Quarta E, Muratore M, Casciaro S. Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: risk factor updates and societal impact. World J Orthop. March 18, 2016;7(3):171-181.
2013	Hussein Ali AI. 3-D Visualization and Prediction of Spine Fractures Under Axial Loading [PhD thesis]. Boston University; 2013.
2015	Jackman TM. Prediction of Vertebral Fractures Under Axial Compression and Anterior Flexion [PhD thesis]. Boston University; 2015.
2006	Fritton JC. Mechanical Loading Induced Adaptation of the Mouse Tibia [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; January 2006.
2007	Cole JH. The Role of Architecture and Tissue Properties in the Structural Integrity of Human Vertebral Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; May 2007.
2010	Lynch ME. Cancellous Bone Adaptation to Non-Invasive Mechanical Loading in the Murine Tibia [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2010.
2015	Goff M. The Role of Micro and Ultra-Structure in Microdamage Accumulation in Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University; August 2015.
2005	Cook RB. Non-Invasively Assessed Skeletal Bone Status and Its Relationship to the Biomechanical Properties and Condition of Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Cranfield, UK: Cranfield University; December 18, 2005.
2004	Rivadeneira Ramírez F. Osteoporosis: From Genes to Phenotypes [PhD thesis]. Erasmus University Rotterdam; 2004.
2008	Nazarian A. Relative Interaction of Material and Structure in Normal and Pathologic Bone [PhD thesis]. Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich; 2008.
1997	Bowman SM. Creep of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; May 1997.
2002	Follet H. Caractérisation Biomécanique Et Modélisation 3D Par Imagerie X Et IRM Haute Résolution De L’os Spongieux Humain: Evaluation Du Risque Fracturaire [PhD thesis]. Institut national des sciences appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon); 2002.
1997	Greeves J. The Effect of Reproductive Hormones on Muscle Function in Young and Middle-Aged Females [PhD thesis]. Liverpool John Moores University; May 1997.
2000	Richman CC. In Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Bone Formation [PhD thesis]. Loma Linda University; March 2000.
1996	Ford CM. Failure of the Human Proximal Femur: Material and Structural Perspectives [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 1996.
1996	Silva MJ. Predicting the Failure Behavior of the Human Vertebral Body [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; February 1996.
1992	Bloomfield SA. Site-Specific Changes in Bone Mass and Alterations in Calciotropic Hormones With Electrical Stimulation Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Spinal Cord Injury [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 1992.
2005	Buie HR. Use of Finite Element Method Modelling and Rapid Prototyping to Study the Effect of Trabecular Bone Architecture on Apparent Mechanical Properties [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; November 2005.
2005	Ashe MC. Upper Limb Bone Health: Cadaveric, Imaging and Clinical Studies With Special Emphasis on Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography [PhD thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2005.
2007	MacNeil JAM. Clinical Assessment of Bone Quality [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; June 2007.
2021	Whittier DEW. The Assessment of Fragility Fracture Risk Using HR-PQCT as a Novel Tool for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis [PhD thesis]. Calgary, AB: University of Calgary; August 2021.
1998	Stone KL. Biochemical and Nutritional Determinants of Bone Loss in Elderly Women [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 1998.
2002	Morgan EF-i. The Dependence on Anatomic Site of Trabecular Bone Structure-Function Relationships [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2002.
2004	Kazakia GJ. Development, Analysis, and Imaging of a Tissue Engineered Trabecular Bone Substitute [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2004.
2018	Pendleton MM. Effects of Spaceflight- and Clinically-Relevant Ionizing Radiation Exposure on Bone Biomechanics [PhD thesis]. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley, University of California; 2018.
2007	Ackert-Bicknell CL. The Effects of Allelic Variation in Pparg* on Skeletal Metabolism* [PhD thesis]. Orono, ME: University of Maine; December 2007.
1993	McCubbrey DA. The Macroscopic Architectural Properties of Vertebral Trabecular Bone and Their Relation to Whole Vertebral Failure Loads [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1993.
1995	Tseng K-F. Investigating the Structure-Function Relationships of Long Bone: An Approach Using Growth Hormone Mouse Models [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1995.
1996	Cao C. Biomechanics of Forward Momentum Arrest When Walking: Age and Gender Differences [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1996.
1998	Ciarelli TE. Architectural and Material Contributions to Fracture of the Spine and Proximal Femur [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 1998.
2000	McCreadie BR. Structural and Material Changes in Osteoporosis: Their Impact on the Mechanical Environment of the Osteocyte [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2000.
2001	Smith-Adaline EA. Influence of Mechanical Stimulation on Strain Environment and Patterns of Gene Expression During Fracture Healing [PhD thesis]. University of Michigan; 2001.
1997	Iwaniec UT. Effects of Dietary Acidity on Cortical Bone Remodeling: A Histomorphometric Assessment [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 1997.
2008	Burgers TA. Press-Fit Fixation and Viscoelastic Response of a Bone-Implant Interface in the Distal Femur [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2008.
1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.
2001	Brown CU. Time-Dependent Circumferential Deformation of Cortical Bone Subjected to Internal Radial Loading [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 2001.

Year	Entry
1983	Riggs BL, Melton LJ III. Evidence for two distinct syndromes of involutional osteoporosis. Am J Med. December 1983;75(6):899-901.
1985	Cann CE, Genant HK, Kolb FO, Ettinger B. Quantitative computed tomography for prediction of vertebral fracture risk. Bone. 1985;6(1):1-7.
1979	Parfitt AM. Quantum concept of bone remodeling and turnover: implications for the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Calcif Tiss Int. 1979;28(1):1-5.
1986	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Melton LJ III, Richelson LS, Judd HL, Offord KP. Rates of bone loss in the appendicular and axial skeletons of women: evidence of substantial vertebral bone loss before menopause. J Clin Invest. May 1986;77(5):1487-1491.
1977	Recker RR, Saville PD, Heaney RP. Effect of estrogens and calcium carbonate on bone loss in postmenopausal women. Ann Intern Med. December 1977;87(6):649-655.
1982	Mazess RB. On aging bone loss. Clin Orthop Relat Res. May 1982;165:239-252.
1982	Genant HK, Cann CE, Ettinger B, Gordan GS. Quantitative computed tomography of vertebral spongiosa: a sensitive method for detecting early bone loss after oophorectomy. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97(5):699-705.
1973	Meunier P, Courpron P, Edouard C, Bernard J, Bringuier J, Vignon G. Physiological senile involution and pathological rarefaction of bone: quantitative and comparative histological data. Clin Endocrinol Metab. July 1973;2(2):239-256.
1975	Smith DM, Khairi MR, Johnston CC Jr. The loss of bone mineral with aging and its relationship to risk of fracture. J Clin Invest. August 1975;56(2):311-318.
1982	Riggs BL, Seeman E, Hodgson SF, Taves DR, O'Fallon WM. Effect of the fluoride/calcium regimen on vertebral fracture occurrence in postmenopausal osteoporosis: comparison with conventional therapy. NEJM. February 25, 1982;306(8):446-450.
1985	Melton LJ, Riggs BL. Risk factors for injury after a fall. Clin Geriatr Med. August 1985;1(3):525-539.
1973	Smith DM, Nance WE, Kang KW, Christian JC, Johnston CC Jr. Genetic factors in determining bone mass. J Clin Invest. 1973;52(11):2800-2808.
1985	Frost HM. The pathomechanics of osteoporoses. Clin Orthop Relat Res. November 1985;200:198-225.
1978	Lips P, Courpron P, Meunier PJ. Mean wall thickness of trabecular bone packets in the human iliac crest: changes with age. Calcif Tiss Res. 1978;26(1):13-17.
1983	Parfitt AM, Mathews CH, Villanueva AR, Kleerekoper M, Frame B, Rao DS. Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis: implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. J Clin Invest. October 1983;72(4):1396-1409.
1982	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Seeman E, Offord KP, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Johnson KA, Melton LJ III. Changes in bone mineral density of the proximal femur and spine with aging: differences between the postmenopausal and senile osteoporosis syndromes. J Clin Invest. October 1982;70(4):716-723.
1981	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Offord KP, Melton LJ III. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest. February 1981;67(2):328-335.
1985	Eriksen EF, Mosekilde L, Melsen F. Trabecular bone resorption depth decreases with age: differences between normal males and females. Bone. 1985;6(3):141-146.
1978	Heaney RP, Recker RR, Saville PD. Menopausal changes in bone remodeling. J Lab Clin Med. December 1978;92(6):964-970.
1980	Lindsay R, Hart DM, Forrest C, Baird C. Prevention of spinal osteoporosis in oophorectomised women. Lancet. November 29, 1980;2(8205):1151-1154.
1985	Cummings SR, Kelsey JL, Nevitt MC, O'Dowd KJ. Epidemiology of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. Epidemiol Rev. 1985;7:178-208.
1982	Krølner B, Pors Nielsen S. Bone mineral content of the lumbar spine in normal and osteoporotic women: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Clin Sci (London). March 1982;62(3):329-336.