Whole body kinematics using post mortem human subjects in experimental rear impact

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Philippens, M.¹; Wismans, J.¹; Cappon, H.¹; Yoganandan, N.²; Pintar, F.²

Whole body kinematics using post mortem human subjects in experimental rear impact

Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact

Affiliations

¹TNO Crash Safety Centre

²Medical College of Wisconsin
Abstract and keywords

This research was initiated to create an accurate dataset with respect to the kinematics of 5” and 95” percentile human subjects under low and moderate rear end impact conditions. For this purpose, rigid seat rear impact sled experiments were conducted using 5 unembalmed Post Mortem Human Subjects (PMHS): four 5* percentile females and one 95’h percentile male restrained with a three-point belt. The sled velocity changes were 16 and 25 km/ht, sled accelerations were 3 to 5 g. Photographic targets attached to the head, Tl and pelvis were filmed at 1000 f/set. The subjects were instrumented with triaxial accelerometers on the head, Tl and pelvis, and a tri-axial angular velocity sensor on the head. A post-test physical examination was conducted showing injuries in two subjects. Kinematics of head, Tl and pelvis and the loads at occipital condyles and Tl level will be presented. Data can be used in the development of human mathematical models and the design of rear impact crash dummies. The data presented here can be used in addition to numerous data on human subjects, mainly volunteers at low Vs. The differences between the 5* and 95* percentile subjects appear to indicate the need to validate any human surrogate in relation to its body size.

Keywords: biomechanics; cadavers; rear impacts; kinematics

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Cited By (14)

Year	Entry
2007	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Stammen J, Bolte J IV. An experimental seat for measuring external biofidelity in rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2007.29-46.
2009	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Herriott R, Bolte JH IV. A new instrumentation technique for the cervical spine of PMHS in rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 37th International Workshop on Human Subjects for Biomechanical Research. 2009.
2009	Stemper BD, Storvik SG, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Verification of lower neck shear force as a rear impact injury criterion. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.369-380.
2009	Yoganandan N, Humm J, Pintar F, Gennarelli T. Three-dimensional head physical properties on the accuracy of injury metrics. In: Proceedings of the 2009 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 9-11, 2009; York, UK.323-326.
2014	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Icke K, Herriott R, Bolte J IV. Head and cervical spine responses of post mortem human subjects in moderate speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.268-285.
2019	Kang Y-S, Moorhouse K, Bolte JH IV. Head trajectories of post mortem human surrogates in moderate-speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2019 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 11-13, 2019; Florence, Italy.102-118.
2009	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Herriott RG, Bolte JH IV. A new instrumentation technique for the cervical spine of PMHS in rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 5th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 17-19, 2009; Columbus, OH.
2011	Kang Y, Moorhouse K, Herriott R, Bolte JH IV. Biofidelity evaluation of anthropomorphic test devices (BioRIDII, RID3D, HybridIII) in low and moderate speed rear impacts. In: Proceedings of the 7th Ohio State University Injury Biomechanics Symposium. May 22-24, 2011; Columbus, OH.
2012	Kang Y-S, Bolte JH IV, Moorhouse K, Donnelly B, Herriott R, Mallory A. Biomechanical responses of PMHS in moderate-speed rear impacts and development of response targets for evaluating the internal and external biofidelity of ATDs. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:105-170.
2012	Moorhouse K, Donnelly B, Kang Y-S, Bolte JH IV, Herriott R. Evaluation of the internal and external biofidelity of current rear impact ATDs to response targets developed from moderate-speed rear impacts of PMHS. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:171-229.
2009	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Zhang J, Baisden JL. Physical properties of the human head: mass, center of gravity and moment of inertia. J Biomech. June 19, 2009;42(9):1177-1192.
2008	Himmetoglu S. Car Seat Design and Human-Body Modelling for Rear Impact Whiplash Mitigation [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University; 2008.
2011	Kang YS. Evaluation of Biofidelity of Anthropomorphic Test Devices and Investigation of Cervical Spine Injury in Rear Impacts: Head-Neck Kinematics and Kinetics of Post Mortem Human Subjects [PhD thesis]. The Ohio State University; 2011.
2023	Soltan Mohammadzadeh N. Cervical Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure in an in-Vivo Porcine Model of Simulated Whiplash Loading [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; July 2023.