Development of a Poroviscoelastic Model for Articular Cartilage

A constituent based cartilage growth finite element model (CGFEM) by Davol et al. [16] was recently developed to predict cartilage biomechanical properties after growth. The poroelastic theory in [16] models articular cartilage (AC) as a porous, elastic solid submerged in inviscid fluid. However, the transient tensile response of AC can be more accurately described as a viscoelastic solid. To further develop this CGFEM, a model of AC that accounts for tensile viscoelasticity is desired. The objective of this work was to develop a poroviscoelastic (PVE) finite element model (FEM) of AC and quantify the tensile viscoelastic properties of the collagen and proteoglycan (PG) constituents. PG viscoelasticity could not be quantified from the experimental tension data; however, previous results suggest PGs are not intrinsically viscoelastic in tension [45]. Collagen viscoelastic parameters were iterated with an optimization function and had strong correlations with PG content, indicating that interactions between PGs and collagens affect the mechanical properties of collagen. As an application of the PVE FEM, the effects of assuming homogeneous PG density were investigated by comparison with a heterogeneous PG density FEM.

Year	Entry
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2001	Provenzano P, Lakes R, Keenan T, Vanderby R Jr. Nonlinear ligament viscoelasticity. Ann Biomed Eng. October 2001;29(10):908-914.
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2003	Williamson AK, Chen AC, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Sah RL. Tensile mechanical properties of bovine articular cartilage: variations with growth and relationships to collagen network components. J Orthop Res. September 2003;21(5):872-880.
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Year

Entry

2001

Huang C-Y, Mow VC, Ateshian GA. The role of flow-independent viscoelasticity in the biphasic tensile and compressive responses of articular cartilage. J Biomech Eng. October 2001;123(5):410-417.

1986

Mak AF. The apparent viscoelastic behavior of articular cartilage: the contributions from the intrinsic matrix viscoelasticity and interstitial fluid flows. J Biomech Eng. May 1986;108(2):123-130.

2001

Provenzano P, Lakes R, Keenan T, Vanderby R Jr. Nonlinear ligament viscoelasticity. Ann Biomed Eng. October 2001;29(10):908-914.

1972

Fung Y-CB. Stress-strain-history relations of soft tissues in simple elongation. In: Fung YC, Perrone N, Anliker M, eds. Biomechanics: Its Foundations and Objectives. Symposium on Biomechanics, its Foundations and Objectives; July 29-31, 1970. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Inc., Prentice-Hall International; 1972:181-208.

2003

Williamson AK, Chen AC, Masuda K, Thonar EJ, Sah RL. Tensile mechanical properties of bovine articular cartilage: variations with growth and relationships to collagen network components. J Orthop Res. September 2003;21(5):872-880.