Body of evidence supporting the clinical use of 3D multisegment foot models:​ a systematic review

Deschamps, Kevin; Staes, Filip; Roosen, Philip; Nobels, Frank; Desloovere, Kaat; Bruyninckx, Herman; Matricali, Giovanni A.

Affiliations

¹Division of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Multidisciplinary Diabetic Foot Clinic, University Hospitals Leuven, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium

²Department of Rehabilitation Sciences-Research Center for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium

³Laboratory for Clinical Motion Analysis, University Hospital Pellenberg, KU-Leuven, Belgium

⁴Haute Ecole Léonard De Vinci, Insititut d’Enseignment Supérieur Parnasse Deux-Alice, Division of Podiatry, Bruxelles, Belgium

⁵Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, Research Group: Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, University Gent, Campus Heymans (UZ Gent), Blok B3, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Gent, Belgium

⁶Department of Internal Medicine-Endocrinology, Multidisciplinary Diabetic Foot Clinic, Onze-Lieve-Vrouw Ziekenhuis Aalst, Moorselbaan 164, 9300 Aalst, Belgium

⁷Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Weligerveld 1, 3212 Pellenberg, Belgium

⁸Department of Mechanical Engineering, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300B Bus 2420, Room 01.053, B-3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Belgium

Abstract and keywords

Background:

A critical component in the characterization of foot mechanics during clinical gait analysis is the quantitative measurement of foot kinematics. Currently, the use of 3D multisegment foot models (3DMFMs) is popular in gait laboratories as it would seem to be an adequate tool for the in vivo analysis of dynamic foot kinematics. This systematic review identifies and evaluates current evidence for the use of 3DMFMs in clinical gait analysis. Methods: A targeted search strategy traced full papers that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The papers were classified and evaluated for quality using a custom made quality appraisal form.

Findings: Forty-one manuscripts were included yielding a total number of fifteen 3DMFMs. Generally, study procedures and sample selection were adequately described; however, the methodological quality varied widely. Evidence regarding the repeatability of the identified models also varied widely. Models facing the highest level of scientific credibility were characterized by adequate repeatability indices obtained from between-trial, between-day and between and within assessor studies. Generally, the highest reliability indices were found for the sagittal plane kinematics. Within-subject variability was found to be the lowest, contrarily, between-subject and between-day variabilities were found to be highest.

Interpretation: Reported repeatability indices such as the coefficient of multiple correlation, standard deviation and standard error of measurement provide evidence for the continued use of 3DMFMs. While a number of published models exist, there is no adequate evidence available to support their clinical use. More reliability and validity studies are needed to confirm adequate measurement properties of 3DMFMs.

Keywords: Foot; Kinematics; 3D multisegment foot model; Motion

Links

DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.12.018

PubMed: 21251834

WoS: 000288978800005

History

Received: 2010-08-5

Revised: 2010-12-13

Accepted: 2010-12-16

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2012	Shen W, Ma J, Li J, Gu Y. Inverse kinematics analysis of foot five metatarsals skeletal rays. Am J Eng Technol Res. 2012;12(2):106-110.
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2020	Valevicius A. Revealing Key Movement Strategies in Upper Limb Function Using a Novel Standardized Kinematic Assessment Tool [PhD thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; Spring 2020.
2015	Coupé AG. Reliability of a Multisegment Foot Model in Shod Running [Master's thesis]. Las Vegas, University of Nevada; May 2015.
2021	Kessler SE. The Spring in Your Step: The Role of Muscles and Elastic Connective Tissue Within the Foot [PhD thesis]. Brisbane, Australia: University of Queensland; 2021.