Gait Mechanics, Joint Contact Forces, and Muscle Forces in Older Adults With Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis and Knee Pain Compared to a Similar Population With No Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis

Phase I

Objective: Compare joint contact forces, ground reaction forces (GRF), and muscle forces during walking between older adults with knee radiographic osteoarthritis and pain due to OA (OA group) to adults with knee pain but no radiographic OA (non-OA group).

Methods: Data were collected from 6 non-OA participants and compared to 15 OA participants who both underwent a 3-dimensional gait analysis. Outcomes include peak range of motion of the hip, knee, and ankle in the sagittal plane, peak internal hip and knee abduction moments, and total moment and power in the sagittal plane. A mixed linear model approach controlling for age, and gender was used to compare characteristics across OA groups, and to estimate biomechanical gait characteristics.

Results: There was a significant difference in the peak total moment in the sagittal plane (P = 0.02) between the two groups. All other variables showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Our results suggest there is no significant difference in altered gait mechanics between the two groups. A larger number of participants are needed to make results more powerful.

Phase II

Objective: Compare a musculoskeletal model, OpenSim, that calculates 76 muscle forces in the lower extremity [85] to a lumped muscle model that has been validated and used in previous studies [73].

Methods: Previously collected data from 31 participants in the START study were run through both musculoskeletal models. Outcome variables included peak internal AP shear and compressive forces of the knee, quadriceps, hamstring, and gastrocnemius peak muscle forces. Values were compared using mixed model approach controlling for within person variability.

Results: There was a significant difference between 2nd peak AP shear forces (P < .01), nd peak compressive force (P <.01), peak quadriceps muscle force (P <.01), peak hamstring muscle force (P <.01), and peak gastrocnemius muscle force (P <.01).

Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that the two musculoskeletal models will not produce the same resultant muscles forces. Results from other studies support our findings from both models, however, the DeVita model has been used in previous studies with knee OA participants and has shown similar results to those by Fregly et a

Year	Entry
2001	Anderson FC, Pandy MG. Dynamic optimization of human walking. J Biomech Eng. October 2001;123(5):381-390.
2007	Erdemir A, McLean S, Herzog W, van den Bogert AJ. Model-based estimation of muscle forces exerted during movements. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). February 2007;22(2):131-154.
2001	DeVita P, Hortobagyi T. Functional knee brace alters predicted knee muscle and joint forces in people with ACL reconstruction during walking. J Appl Biomech. 2001;17(4):297-311.
2003	Lloyd DG, Besier TF. An EMG-driven musculoskeletal model to estimate muscle forces and knee joint moments in vivo. J Biomech. June 2003;36(6):765-776.
2008	Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, Arnold LM, Choi H, Deyo RA, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Hochberg MC, Hunder GG, Jordan JM, Katz JN, Kremers HM, Wolfe F; National Arthritis Data Workgroup. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: part II. Arthritis Rheum. January 2008;58(1):26-35.
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Year

Entry

2001

Anderson FC, Pandy MG. Dynamic optimization of human walking. J Biomech Eng. October 2001;123(5):381-390.

2007

Erdemir A, McLean S, Herzog W, van den Bogert AJ. Model-based estimation of muscle forces exerted during movements. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). February 2007;22(2):131-154.

2001

DeVita P, Hortobagyi T. Functional knee brace alters predicted knee muscle and joint forces in people with ACL reconstruction during walking. J Appl Biomech. 2001;17(4):297-311.

2003

Lloyd DG, Besier TF. An EMG-driven musculoskeletal model to estimate muscle forces and knee joint moments in vivo. J Biomech. June 2003;36(6):765-776.

2008

Lawrence RC, Felson DT, Helmick CG, Arnold LM, Choi H, Deyo RA, Gabriel S, Hirsch R, Hochberg MC, Hunder GG, Jordan JM, Katz JN, Kremers HM, Wolfe F; National Arthritis Data Workgroup. Estimates of the prevalence of arthritis and other rheumatic conditions in the United States: part II. Arthritis Rheum. January 2008;58(1):26-35.