Extracorporeal blood oxygenators are used to oxygenate the blood during open-heart surgery. The main goal of the project is designing an oxygenator consisting of a hollow fibre membrane. The hollow fibre microporous oxygenator consists of porous fibres conducting an oxygen flow. As blood flows over and inside this hollow fibre bundle, the oxygen diffuses from the gas phase through the gas-filled membrane pores into the blood, and the carbon dioxide goes back into the fibres. Reliable modeling of this phenomenon is essential for the prediction of gas transfer performance, allowing for development of an efficient blood oxygenator.
Our focus is on the optimization of this bundle. We want to increase the gas transfers by varying the configuration of the fibres. To achieve our goals, we will first define an initial geometry of the bundle using biomechanical concepts and equations, assessing parameters like the oxygen transfer rate, the blood pressure drop in the bundle, the priming volume, and the effective surface of contact to give a first estimation of the definition of the bundle. We will then conduct Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulation testing through the use of software such as ANSYS Fluent.
A simple model is first studied in ANSYS, consisting of an outer casing and 197 hollow fibres going through it. The casing is filled with blood. All the sections are set as fluid sections, as the hollow fibres are porous itself. The fluid is set as laminar. After basic validation of this simplified model, resulting in efficiency factors in the same order of magnitude as market oxygenators, the efficiency of the model is studied for different input parameters.
An increase in blood flow rate from 1 to 5 L/min increases the oxygen transfer rate efficiency by 20%, but decreases the pressure drop efficiency by 82%. Increasing the amount of swirl (up to rotational speeds of 837.75 rad/s) in the bundle increases the oxygen transfer rate efficiency by 142%, with a decrease in the pressure drop efficiency of 23%. Doubling the fibre outer diameter and tripling the total number of fibres does not make the bundle more efficient, only decreasing the pressure drop efficiency over 85%. This feasibility study generates a starting point for future device development.