Radial head arthroplasty is a common treatment for comminuted displaced radial head fractures; however, the normal joint contact mechanics are altered. Quantification of contact area is useful in the study of normal loading conditions and also the effect of alterations in the normal loading conditions. A series of studies to quantify joint contact that included casting and imaging approaches, were conducted herein. When the native and hemi-reconstructed radiocapitellar joint were loaded with increasing compressive loads, the contact area increased in a linear fashion from 50N to 200N; however, at higher loads, there maybe a potential plateau in contact area. The shape of the contact area was found to be elliptical and was rotated externally from the medial-lateral axis. Also, the hemi-reconstructed joint with the metallic radial head produced values of contact area much smaller than the native radial head due to a higher stiffness value of the prosthetic arthroplasty. Therefore, the need to use a radial head implant with a lower stiffness was evident. However, the use of a polymeric radial head implant did not reproduce native joint contact area and the values were closer to that ofthe metallic radial head implant. These aforementioned studies were limited to cadaveric specimens and lead to the use of imaging techniques in an effort to quantify joint contact area for eventual in-vivo applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography yielded the ability to produce similar contact area results as our experimental casting technique for the native radiocapitellar joint suggesting this technique should be useful for clinical application.
Keywords:
elbow; radial head; arthroplasty; contact mechanics; imaging