The energy expenditure of normal and pathologic gait

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Waters, Robert L.¹; Mulroy, Sara¹

The energy expenditure of normal and pathologic gait

Gait Post. July 1999;9(3):207-231

©1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Affiliations

¹Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, 7601 E. Imperial Highway, Downey, CA 90242, USA
Abstract and keywords

Physiological energy expenditure measurement has proven to be a reliable method of quantitatively assessing the penalties imposed by gait disability. The purpose of this review is to outline the basic principles of exercise physiology relevant to human locomotion; detail the energy expenditure of normal walking; and summarize the results of energy expenditure studies performed in patients with specific neurologic and orthopedic disabilities. The magnitude of the disabilities and the patients’ capacity to tolerate the increased energy requirements are compared. This paper also will examine the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions at mitigating the energetic penalties of disability during ambulation.

Keywords: Age; Metabolism
Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0966-6362(99)00009-0

PubMed: 10575082

WoS: 000081853200008
History

Received: 1998-12-15

Revised: 1999-03-26

Accepted: 1999-03-26
Cited Works (1)

Year Entry

1992 Perry J. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated; 1992.

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2016	Walcher MG, du Sart R. Biomechanical principles of foot and ankle. In: Valderrabano V, Easley M, eds. Foot and Ankle Sports Orthopaedics. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2016:25-34.
2012	Steele KM, DeMers MS, Schwartz MH, Delp SL. Compressive tibiofemoral force during crouch gait. Gait Post. April 2012;35(4):556-560.
2010	Steele KM, Seth A, Hicks JL, Schwartz MS, Delp SL. Muscle contributions to support and progression during single-limb stance in crouch gait. J Biomech. August 10, 2010;43(11):2099-2105.
2022	Moore LK, Lee CS, Agha O, Liu M, Zhang H, Dang ABC, Dang A, Liu X, Feeley BT. A novel mouse model of hindlimb joint contracture with 3D-printed casts. J Orthop Res. December 2022;40(12):2865-2872.
2023	Huang C-H, Aydemir B, Foucher KC. Sagittal plane ankle kinetics are associated with dynamic hip range of motion and gait efficiency in women with hip osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res. March 2023;41(3):555-561.
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2015	Hovorka CF. Influencing Motor Behavior Through Constraint of Lower Limb Movement [PhD thesis]. Atlanta, GA: Georgia Institute of Technology; May 2015.
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2016	Gauvin A. Do Portable Anti-Fatigue Mats Affect the Mechanics or Discomfort of Walking [Master's thesis]. Sudbury, ON: Laurentian University; 2016.
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2014	Esau GDJ. Analysis and Design of Bearing Systems in Controlled Passive Energy Management (CPEM) Prosthetic Feet [Master's thesis]. Queen's University; September 2014.
2021	Vega M. Development and Applications of Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling Software for Personalized Treatment Design [PhD thesis]. Houston, TX: Rice University; 2021.
2020	Simha SN. Principles of Energy Optimization Underlying Human Walking Gait Adaptations [PhD thesis]. Simon Fraser University; 2020.
2005	Fisher DS. Methods to Systematically Change the Patterns of Gait Associated With Osteoarthritis At the Knee [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; July 2005.
2010	Hicks JL. Biomechanical Guidelines for the Treatment of Crouch Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; November 2010.
2012	Steele KM. The Dynamics of Crouch Gait in Cerebral Palsy [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; July 2012.
2015	DeMers MS. Computer Modeling of Muscle Coordination Strategies That Decrease Joint Loads [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; December 2015.
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2017	Ries AJ. Evaluating and Improving the Efficacy of Ankle Foot Orthoses for Children With Cerebral Palsy [PhD thesis]. University of Minnesota; January 2017.
2007	Seth A. A Neuromusculoskeletal Tracking Method for Estimating Muscle Forces in Human Gait from Experimental Movement Data [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; May 2007.
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2015	Lenhart RL. Influence of Surgery on Musculoskeletal Mechanics in Children With Crouch Gait [PhD thesis]. University of Wisconsin – Madison; 2015.