Increasing air traffic demand and the resulting climate impact of aircraft are of growing public concern. The requirements for new commercial aircraft can differ significantly for different markets and operators. The design of new aircraft takes into account different markets and operational requirements; the design process is only loosely coupled with the use of these aircraft by operators around the world. The economic and environmental sustainability of commercial aviation requires not only the design of efficient new aircraft, but also closer consideration of the operations and flexibility of these aircraft during the design stage. This can be achieved by coupling the design optimization of multiple aircraft families with the simultaneous allocation of these aircraft in multiple markets. Including operational assignment of aircraft in the design stage can reduce operational inefficiencies, while the design of an aircraft family aims at reducing cost through the use of common components. In order to thoroughly investigate the trade–offs involved in designing efficient, environmentally sustainable aircraft, a coupled robust design optimization involving uncertainties in passenger demand over multiple years of operations was conducted. Results obtained show that the coupled design of aircraft families with the allocation of these aircraft to two distinct markets can significantly reduce fuel burn, operating and acquisition costs compared to existing aircraft. The optimized aircraft also provide higher flexibility and improved performance when compared against aircraft obtained from a robust design optimization approach, where each aircraft is optimized decoupled from the fleet allocation.
Keywords:
aircraft families; sustainable aviation; optimization under uncertainty; fleet allocation; aircraft conceptual design