This study looks to develop and explore a computational approach, along with data gathered from conventional mechanical helmet testing procedures in ice hockey, in an attempt to provide new insights into how the helmet could protect an individual from concussive type impacts. In this study, five samples of six different ice hockey helmet models were tested using the methodologies set forth by The Summation of Tests for the Analysis of Risk, the STAR helmet rating protocol. Head form kinematics collected during STAR testing were used as inputs to the Global Human Body Model Consortium head finite element model, and each impact (n=672) was simulated. A 15% cumulative strain damage measure threshold was chosen as the main response variable to predict brain injury probability. The results indicate that output kinematics of rotational velocity were most correlated (r = 0.96, P < 0.05) to cumulative strain damage measure and other strain measures. Impact direction also had significant effects on the strains in the brain, with impacts to the rear, front and side showing larger statistical significance in variance to the cumulative strain damage measure than top impacts. It was also observed that specific helmets showed less deformation response in certain impact directions compared to others. This study developed a start-to-finish methodology to evaluate helmets for mild brain injury mitigation.
Keywords:
Concussion mitigation; cumulative strain damage measure; injury prediction pipeline; kinematic performance evaluation; mild traumatic brain injury