Racial and gender differences in the relationship between sarcopenia and bone mineral density among older adults

Ning, H.-T.<sup>1</sup>; Du, Y.<sup>2</sup>; Zhao, L.-J.<sup>3</sup>; Tian, Q.<sup>3</sup>; Feng, H.<sup>4</sup>; Deng, H.-W.<sup>5</sup>

Affiliations

¹Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

²School of Nursing, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, TX San Antonio, USA

³Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics, Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, LA New Orleans, USA

⁴Xiangya School of Nursing, Xiangya-Oceanwide Health Management Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China

⁵School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA

Abstract and keywords

Summary: Both sarcopenia and low bone mineral density (BMD) have become public health concerns. We found that presarcopenic and/or sarcopenic individuals were more likely to have lower BMD. And this relationship has race and sex-specific discrepancy.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the racial and gender differences in the relationship between sarcopenia and BMD among older adults.

Methods: Totally, 5476 subjects (mean age = 65.7 ± 6.4) of non-Hispanic White (n = 3297), non-Hispanic Black (n = 1265), and non-Hispanic Asian (n = 914) were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined according to the revised European consensus on definition and diagnosis of sarcopenia (EWGSOP2). General linear model and multivariable linear regression model were used to examine the relationship between sarcopenia and regional/whole body BMD stratified by race and sex. Adjustments were conducted for physiological, behavioral, and disease factors.

Results: Comparing with normal older participants, presarcopenic and sarcopenic elderly were more likely to have lower BMD. Although the difference was not statistically significant in a few sub-groups, among the three racial groups, the strongest association between sarcopenia and BMD was found in non-Hispanic Black people, followed by non-Hispanic White people and non-Hispanic Asian people. In addition, significant differences of BMD across sarcopenia stages were found in more sub-groups in women than in men after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusions: In this older cohort, sarcopenia is significantly related to low regional/whole-body BMD, and these associations vary by race and sex. Consideration in race and sex is warranted when developing strategies to maintain or minimize BMD loss.

Keywords: Bone mineral density; Older adults; Race; Sarcopenia; Sex

Links

DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05744-y

PubMed: 33231702

WoS: 000592136900001

History

Received: 2020-08-04

Accepted: 2020-11-13

Online: 2020-11-24

Cited Works (6)

Year	Entry
2006	Reginster J-Y, Burlet N. Osteoporosis: a still increasing prevalence. Bone. February 2006;38(2)(suppl 1):4-9.
2008	Kanis JA, Burlet N, Cooper C, Delmas PD, Reginster J-Y, Borgstrom F, Rizzoli R; European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. April 2008;19(4):399-428.
2016	Pisani P, Renna MD, Conversano F, Casciaro E, Di Paola M, Quarta E, Muratore M, Casciaro S. Major osteoporotic fragility fractures: risk factor updates and societal impact. World J Orthop. March 18, 2016;7(3):171-181.
2007	Burge R, Dawson‐Hughes B, Solomon DH, Wong JB, King A, Tosteson A. Incidence and economic burden of osteoporosis‐related fractures in the United States, 2005–2025. J Bone Miner Res. March 2007;22(3):465-475.
2014	Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, Curtis JR, Delzell ES, Randall S, Dawson‐Hughes B. The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. J Bone Miner Res. November 2014;29(11):2520-2526.
2019	Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bahat G, Bauer J, Boirie Y, Bruyère O, Cederholm T, Cooper C, Landi F, Rolland Y, Sayer AA, Schneider SM, Sieber CC, Topinkova E, Vandewoude M, Visser M, Zamboni M; European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 (EWGSOP2) and the extended group for EWGSOP2. Sarcopenia: revised european consensus on definition and diagnosis. Age Ageing. January 2019;48(1):16-31.