Calcium phosphate (CaP) bioceramics have long been used for bone applications. The more favored and most researched of the CaP bioceramics are hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (βTCP). This study details the techniques used for fabricating dense (dS) and porous foamed (pf) HA scaffolds by uniaxial pressing and foam processing, respectively, and the methods for evaluating MC3T3-E1 osteoblast (OB) proliferation and differentiation on these scaffolds. Cell proliferation was observed on both the dS and pf scaffolds over 72 hours by immunofluorescent imaging and by cell number on dS surfaces. Both approaches demonstrated decreased proliferation on dense HA compared to polystyrene (PS) control, which is consistent with findings that suggest HA suppresses OB proliferation. Differentiation was identified on day 14 by the presence o f alkaline phosphatase (AP) enzyme activity on the scaffolds. By visual observation, more AP activity was observed on the dS scaffolds than the pf scaffolds. After sintering the pf scaffolds, a second phase was observed along the grain boundaries. Powder x-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy scans indicate βTCP as the nucleated second phase. Further studies are required to understand the effects of the nucleated βTCP phase on the degree and timing of OB mineralization.