Head injury in man and experimental animals:​ neuropathology

Adams, J. H.; Graham, D. I.; Gennarelli, T. A.

Affiliations

¹Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Glasgow, Scotland

²Division of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.

Abstract and keywords

Ali ofthe principal types ofbrain damage that occur in man as a result of a nonmissile head injury, viz. cerebral contusions, intracranial haematoma, raised intracranial pressure, diffuse axonal injury, diffuse hypoxic damagc, and diffuse swelling ha ve been produced in subhuman primates subjected to inertial, i.e. nonimpact, controlled angular acceleration of the head through 60° in the sagittal, oblique and lateral planes.

Keywords: Head injury; man; experimental; diffuse axonal injury

Links

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-4147-2_2

PubMed: 6581702

Cited Works (8)

Year	Entry
1977	Adams JH, Mitchell DE, Graham DI, Doyle D. Diffuse brain damage of immediate impact type: its relationship to “primary brain-stem damage” in head injury. Brain. July 1977;100(3):489-502.
1983	Gennarelli TA. Head injury in man and experimental animals: clinical aspects. Acta Neuropathol Suppl. 1983;32:1-13.
1981	Adams JH, Graham DI, Gennarelli TA. Acceleration induced head injury in the monkey, II: neuropathology. Acta Neuropathol Suppl. 1981;7:26-28.
1961	Strich SJ. Shearing of nerve fibres as a cause of brain damage due to head injury: a pathological study of twenty cases. Lancet. August 26, 1961;278(7200):443-448.
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1982	Adams JH, Graham DI, Murray LS, Scott G. Diffuse axonal injury due to nonmissile head injury in humans: an analysis of 45 cases. Ann Neurol. December 1982;12(6):557-563.
1982	Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Adams JH, Graham DI, Thompson CJ, Marcincin RP. Diffuse axonal injury and traumatic coma in the primate. Ann Neurol. 1982;12(6):564-574.
1982	Gennarelli TA, Spielman GM, Langfitt TW, Gildenberg PL, Harrington T, Jane JA, Marshall LF, Miller JD, Pitts LH. Influence of the type of intracranial lesion on outcome from severe head injury: a multicenter study using a new classification system. J Neurosurg. January 1982;56(1):26-32.

Cited By (31)

Year	Entry
2007	Yoganandan N, Gennarelli TA, Pintar FA. Characterizing diffuse brain injuries from real-world motor vehicle impacts. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2006	Fijalkowski RJ, Stemper BD, Ellingson BM, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Gennarelli TA. Inducing mild traumatic brain injury in the rodent through coronal plane angular acceleration. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.115-125.
2015	Stemper BD, Shah AS, Budde MD, Chiariello R, Wilkins N, Olsen C, Mehta P, Kurpad SN, McCrea M, Pintar FA. Characterization of differing time‐course of cognitive deficits and emotional changes following rotational traumatic brain injury in the rat. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.198-207.
2001	Zhang L, Yang KH, Dwarampudi R, Omori K, Li T, Chang K, Hardy WN, Khalil TB, King AI. Recent advances in brain injury research: a new human head model development and validation. Stapp Car Crash J. 2001;45:369-394. SAE 2001-22-0017.
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1989	Gennarelli TA, Thibault LE, Tipperman R, Tomei G, Sergot R, Brown M, Maxwell WL, Graham DI, Adams JH, Irvine A, Gennarelli LM, Duhaime AC, Boock R, Greenberg J. Axonal injury in the optic nerve: a model simulating diffuse axonal injury in the brain. J Neurosurg. August 1989;71(2):244-253.
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2008	Fijalkowski RJ. Rotational Acceleration Pulse Characteristics Affect Mild Diffuse Brain Injury Severity [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; May 2008.
2018	Tierney G. A Biomechanical Assessment of Direct and Inertial Head Loading in Rugby Union [PhD thesis]. Dublin, Ireland: Trinity College Dublin; 2018.
2013	Post A. The Influence of Dynamic Response Characteristics on Traumatic Brain Injury [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2013.
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2016	Kendall M. Comparison and Characterization of Different Concussive Brain Injury Events [PhD thesis]. University of Ottawa; 2016.
2009	Eucker SA. Effect of Head Rotation Direction on Closed Head Injury in Neonatal Piglets [PhD thesis]. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania; 2009.
1994	Ruan JS. Impact Biomechanics of Head Injury by Mathematical Modeling [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 1994.
2001	Zhang L. Computational Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury: An Investigation of Head Impact Response and American Football Head Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; May 2001.
2007	Hardy WN. Response of the Human Cadaver Head to Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2007.
2011	Kumaran S. Subacute Effect of Olfactory Mucosal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury [Master's thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; December 2011.
2011	Zakaria N. Comparison of Progression of Diffuse Axonal Injury With Histology and Diffusion Tensor Imaging [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2011.
2023	Lyu D. Investigation of Biomechanical Thresholds of Mild to Severe Brain Injury Using an Anisotropic Visco-Hyperelastic Finite Element Head Model: Model Development and Simulation of Impact Injury and Blast Injury [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; August 2023.