The cervical and lumbar vertebrae:​ an anthropometric model

Nissan, M.<sup>1</sup>; Gilad, I.<sup>2</sup>

Affiliations

¹Centre for Technological Education, Holon, Israel

²Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Management Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Uaifa, Israel

Abstract

An anthropometric model for human vertebrae in the mid-sagital plane is described, using parameters which were measured from lateral X-rays of the cervical and lumbar regions in normal, healthy men. The data was processed statistically and results are presented. The findings reported are new in the literature. They can be used in many ways, including modelling of the spine, and orthopaedics. Clinically significant parameters are the heights of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral spacings. The relations between these parameters are presented and discussed.

Links

DOI: 10.1243/emed_jour_1984_013_030_02

PubMed: 6542880

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Cited By (19)

Year	Entry
2005	Esat V, van Lopik DW, Acar M. Combined multi-body dynamic and FE models of human head and neck. In: Gilchrist MD, ed. IUTAM Symposium on Impact Biomechanics: From Fundamental Insights to Applications. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer; 2005:91-100. Solid Mechanics and Its Applications; vol 124.
1993	de Jager M. Mathematical modelling of the human cervical spine: a survey of the literature. In: Proceedings of the 1993 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 8-10, 1993; Eindhoven, The Netherlands.213-227.
2001	Beusenberg M, Shewchenko N, Newman JA, de Lange R, Cappon H. Head, neck, and body coupling in reconstructions of helmeted head impacts. In: Proceedings of the 2001 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. October 10-12, 2001; Isle of Man, UK.
2002	Hilker CE, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA. Experimental determination of adult and pediatric neck scale factors. Stapp Car Crash J. 2002;46:417-429. SAE 2002-22-0020.
2001	Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S, Pintar FA. Biomechanics of the cervical spine, II: cervical spine soft tissue responses and biomechanical modeling. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 2001;16(1):1-27.
1999	Kumaresan S, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ. Finite element modeling of the cervical spine: role of intervertebral disc under axial and eccentric loads. Med Eng Phys. December 1999;21(10):689-700.
1991	Panjabi MM, Duranceau J, Goel V, Oxland T, Takata K. Cervical human vertebrae: quantitative three-dimensional anatomy of the middle and lower regions. Spine. August 1991;16(8):861-869.
2008	Stemper BD, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ, Meyer MA, DeRosia J, Shender BS, Paskoff G. Anatomical gender differences in cervical vertebrae of size-matched volunteers. Spine. January 15, 2008;33(2):E44-E49.
2011	Dibb AT. Pediatric Head and Neck Dynamic Response: A Computational Study [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2012	Luck JF. The Biomechanics of the Perinatal, Neonatal and Pediatric Cervical Spine: Investigation of the Tensile, Bending and Viscoelastic Response [PhD thesis]. Durham, NC: Duke University; 2012.
2004	van Lopik D. A Computational Model of the Human Head and Cervical Spine for Dynamic Impact Simulation [PhD thesis]. Loughborough, UK: Loughborough University; 2004.
2006	Esat V. Biomechanical Modelling of the Whole Human Spine for Dynamic Analysis [PhD thesis]. Loughborough University; June 2006.
1997	Kumaresan S. Clinical Studies of the Human Cervical Spine Using Finite Element Modeling [PhD thesis]. Marquette University; December 1997.
2009	DeRosia JJ. Role of Gender and Size in Biomechanics of Rear Impact Marquette University; May 2009.
2014	Anderst W. In Vivo Cervical Spine Kinematics, Arthrokinematics and Disc Loading in Asymptomatic Control Subjects and Anterior Fusion Patients [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2014.
2014	De Bruijn E. Isometric and Dynamic Control of Neck Muscles: Reflexive Contributions and Muscle Synergies [PhD thesis]. Delft, The Netherlands: Technische Universiteit Delft; 2014.
1996	de Jager MKJ. Mathematical Head-Neck Models for Acceleration Impacts [PhD thesis]. Eindhoven, The Netherlands: Eindhoven University of Technology; 1996.
1998	Mulavara AP. Quantifying Coordination Between the Head and the Trunk During Locomotion [PhD thesis]. University of Akron; May 1998.
2006	Gibson T. Development and Validation of a C5/C6 Motion Segment Model [PhD thesis]. University of New South Wales; January 4, 2006.