Study of the kinematics of the THOR dummy in nearside oblique impacts

wbldb

Pipkorn, Bengt¹; Lopez‐Valdes, Francisco J.²; Juste‐Lorente, Oscar²; Maza, Mario²; Sunnevång, Cecilia^1,3

Study of the kinematics of the THOR dummy in nearside oblique impacts

Proceedings of the 2016 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury

Affiliations

¹Autoliv Research, Vårgårda, Sweden

²Impact Laboratory (I3A) at University of Zaragoza, Spain

³Umeå University, Sweden
Abstract and keywords

Oblique and small‐overlap crashes are the second most common frontal crash type leading to fatal outcome. This study discusses a simplified test rig suitable to analyse the performance of the THOR dummy in oblique impacts. Secondly, this paper compares the kinematics and dynamics of the THOR dummy under the loading of two types of seat belts. Last, the study compares the response of the THOR finite element (FE) model to the one of the physical dummy. By means of mathematical simulations with the THOR FE model different seat designs were evaluated so that the dummy kinematics could approximate those observed in real vehicles. Thereafter two different three‐point seat belt systems were evaluated via physical and computer‐modelled sled tests: a pretensioned (shoulder retractor and lap) force‐limiting seat belt (reference seat belt) and an innovative belt in which the shoulder and the lap bands were split (split buckle). The study shows that THOR pelvic displacement was significantly reduced in a realistic manner by using a modified angled seat in comparison to the originally flat seat of the test fixture. The THOR dummy was able to discriminate between the two seat belt systems and the results suggest that the split buckle restraint has the potential to achieve significant injury reducing benefits in the oblique loading condition. In the comparison of the THOR mathematical and mechanical models, a total CORA score of 0.62 was obtained for the reference seat belt comparison and a score of 0.60 was obtained for the split buckle comparison.

Keywords: FE‐model, gold standard, near‐side, oblique, THOR
Links

URL: http://www.ircobi.org/wordpress/downloads/irc16/pdf-files/85.pdf

Cited Works (16)

Year	Entry
2011	Gehre C, Stahlschmidt S. Assessment of dummy models by using objective rating methods. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2011	Hallman JJ, Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Maiman DJ. Injury differences between small and large overlap frontal crashes. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.147-157.
2009	Brumbelow ML, Zuby DS. Impact and injury patterns in frontal crashes of vehicles with good ratings for frontal crash protection. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2005	Törnvall FV, Svensson MY, Davidsson J, Flogard A, Kallieris D, Håland Y. Frontal impact dummy kinematics in oblique frontal collisions: evaluation against post mortem human subject test data. Traffic Inj Prev. December 2005;6(4):340-350.
2015	Saunders J, Parent D, Ames E. NHTSA oblique crash test results: vehicle performance and occupant injury risk assessment in vehicles with small overlap countermeasures. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2011	Rudd RW, Scarboro M, Saunders J. Injury analysis of real-world small overlap and oblique frontal crashes. In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 13-16, 2011; Washington, DC.
2009	Gehre C, Gades H, Wernicke P. Objective rating of signals using test and simulation responses. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2009	Bean JD, Kahane CJ, Mynatt M, Rudd RW, Rush CJ, Wiacek C. Fatalities in Frontal Crashes Despite Seat Belts and Air Bags: Review of All CDS Cases: Model and Calendar Years 2000-2007: 122 Fatalities. Washington, DC: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration; September 2009. NHTSA Technical Report DOT HS 811 202.
2011	Yoganandan N, Pintar FA, Schlick M, Moore J, Maiman DJ. Comparison of head-neck responses in frontal impacts using restrained human surrogates. In: 55th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 3-5, 2011; Paris, France.181-191.
2010	Lopez-Valdes FJ, Lau A, Lamp J, Riley P, Lessley DJ, Damon A, Kindig M, Kent R, Balasubramanian S, Seacrist T, Maltese MR, Arbogast KB, Higuchi K, Tanji H. Analysis of spinal motion and loads during frontal impacts: comparison between PMHS and ATD. In: 54th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-20, 2010; Las Vegas, NV.61-77.
2013	Lemmen P, Been B, Carroll J, Hynd D, Davidsson J, Martinez L, García A, Vezin P, Eggers A. An advanced thorax-shoulder design for the THOR dummy. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2000	Shaw G, Crandall J, Butcher J. Biofidelity evaluation of the THOR advanced frontal crash test dummy. In: Proceedings of the 2000 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2000; Montpellier, France.11-29.
2009	Shaw G, Parent D, Purtsezov S, Lessley D, Crandall J, Kent R, Guillemot H, Ridella SA, Takhounts E, Martin P. Impact response of restrained PMHS in frontal sled tests: skeletal deformation patterns under seat belt loading. Stapp Car Crash J. 2009;53:1-48. SAE 2009-22-0001.
2012	Lemmen P, Been B, Carroll J, Hynd D, Davidsson J, Song E, Lecuyer E. Development of an advanced frontal dummy thorax demonstrator. In: Proceedings of the 2012 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2012; Dublin, Ireland.828-842.
2013	Parent DP, Craig M, Ridella SA, McFadden JD. Thoracic biofidelity assessment of the THOR mod kit ATD. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 27-30, 2013; Seoul, South Korea.
2011	Mueller BC, Sherwood CP, Arbelaez RA, Zuby DS, Nolan JM. Comparison of Hybrid III and THOR dummies in paired small overlap tests. Stapp Car Crash J. 2011;55:379-409.

Cited By (3)

Year	Entry
2017	Eggers A, Ott J, Pipkorn B, Bråse D, Mroz K, Valdes FL, Hynd D, Peldschus S. A new generic frontal occupant sled test set-up developed within the EU-project seniors. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2018	Umale S, Arun MWJ, Hauschild H, Humm JR, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N. Quantitative evaluation of THOR, World SID and Hybrid III under far‐side impacts: a finite element study. In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.608-629.
2020	Albert DL. Variations in user implementation of the CORA rating metric. Stapp Car Crash J. November 2020;64:1-30.