Structural hood and hinge concepts for pedestrian protection

Kerkeling, Christoph; Schäfer, Joachim; Thompson, Grace-Mary

Affiliations

Abstract

Future legislation for pedestrian protection in Europe and Japan considers standardized test methods and test requirements relevant for a type approval. The first phase of legal introduction starts in 2005 and a more stringent second phase will follow in 2010.

This paper consists of three main chapters. The chapter “Requirements” starts with a summary of the pedestrian protection-related requirements for head impact and its conflicting requirements for the vehicle handling and driving.

The second chapter “Hood Concepts” discusses how the hood design could become compatible with the pedestrian protection requirements. Concepts for the hood design fulfilling both, the European as well as the Japanese requirements are described. The impact of the hood design parameters on the head impact performance are shown and different concept solutions are presented.

The third chapter “Hood Hinge Concepts” examines the hinge performance for pedestrian protection in detail. The mounting points of the hood, such as hinges, latches and bumper stops, are the most critical points for head impact. Different hinge concepts and their impact on the head impact performance are shown. The influence of the hinge parameters on the acceleration curves and the HPC values is discussed and conclusions for the hinge design as well as for the vehicle structure are drawn.

Links

URL: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv19/05-0304-W.pdf

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
2005	Wanke T, Thompson G, Kerkeling C. Pedestrian measures for the Opel ZAFIRA II. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
1994	Okamoto Y, Akiyama A, Nagatomi K, Tsuruga T. Concept of hood design for possible reduction in pedestrian head injury. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 23-26, 1994; Munich, Germany.1253-1263.

Cited By (7)

Year	Entry
2015	Simms CK, Wood D, Fredriksson R. Pedestrian injury biomechanics and protection. In: Yoganandan N, Nahum AM, Melvin JW, eds. Accidental Injury: Biomechanics and Prevention. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2015:721-753.
2008	Koetje BD, Grabowski JG. A methodology for the geometric standardization of vehicle hoods to compare real-world pedestrian crashes. In: 52nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 6-8, 2008; San Diego, CA.193-198.
2007	Ivarsson BJ, Crandall JR, Burke C, Stadter G, Grabowski J, Fakhry S, Fredriksson R, Nentwich M. Pedestrian head impact: what determines the likelihood and wrap around distance? In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2007	Tinard V, Bourdet N, Deck C, Willinger R. Active pedestrian head protection against windscreen. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
2009	Belingardi G, Scattina A, Gobetto E. Development of an hybrid hood to improve pedestrian safety in case of vehicle impact. In: Proceedings of the 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 15-18, 2009; Stuttgart, Germany.
2007	Untaroiu CD, Shin J, Crandall JR. A design optimization approach of vehicle hood for pedestrian protection. Int J Crashworthiness. 2007;12(6):581-589.
2017	Chen H. Evaluating Pedestrian Head Sub-System Test Procedure Against Full-Scale Vehicle-Pedestrian Impact Using Numerical Models [PhD thesis]. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia; May 2017.