The chemical anatomy of bone, I: a comparative study of bone composition in sixteen vertebrates

wbldb

Biltz, Robert M.; Pellegrino, Edmund D.

The chemical anatomy of bone, I: a comparative study of bone composition in sixteen vertebrates

J Bone Joint Surg. 1969;51A(3):456-466

Abstract
1. Normal variations in the elementary composition of cortical bone from sixteen different adult vertebrates were studied.
2. Variations in the mineral (ash) and water content of bone exhibited what could be a necessary reciprocal relationship.
3. The mineral components, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were positively correlated with hexosamine (ground substance) and negatively correlated with OH-proline (collagen).
4. Although positively correlated, the variations in total CO2, sodium and citric acid were much less specific.
5. All specimens exhibited a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.67 or larger depending on the amount of CaCO3 present.
6. These differences in bone composition undoubtedly have physiological significance and their further elucidation is necessary for the valid interpretation of experimental data in all areas of mineral metabolism.
Links

URL: http://www.ejbjs.org/cgi/content/abstract/51/3/456

PubMed: 4976035

WoS: A1969D038600003

Cited Works (2)

Year	Entry
1959	Rowland RE, Jowsey J, Marshall JH. Microscopic metabolism of calcium in bone, III: microradiographic measurements of mineral density. Radiat Res. February 1959;10(2):234-242.
1957	Robinson RA, Elliott SR. The water content of bone, I: the mass of water, inorganic crystals, organic matrin, and “CO₂ space” components in a unit volume of dog bone. J Bone Joint Surg. 1957;39A(1):167-188.

Cited By (31)

Year	Entry
2004	Hellmich C, Ulm F-J, Dormieux L. Can the diverse elastic properties of trabecular and cortical bone be attributed to only a few tissue-independent phase properties and their interactions? arguments from a multiscale approach. Biomech Model Mechanobiol. June 2004;2(4):219-238.
2008	Yoon YJ, Cowin SC. The estimated elastic constants for a single bone osteonal lamella. Biomech Model Mechanobiol. February 2008;7(1):1-11.
1994	Crofts RD, Boyce TM, Bloebaum RD. Aging changes in osteon mineralization in the human femoral neck. Bone. March–April 1994;15(2):147-152.
1997	Bloebaum RD, Skedros JG, Vajda EG, Bachus KN, Constantz BR. Determining mineral content variations in bone using backscattered electron imaging. Bone. May 1997;20(5):485-490.
1998	Yeni YN, Brown CU, Norman TL. Influence of bone composition and apparent density on fracture toughness of the human femur and tibia. Bone. January 1998;22(1):79-84.
2013	Zebaze R, Ghasem-Zadeh A, Mbala A, Seeman E. A new method of segmentation of compact-appearing, transitional and trabecular compartments and quantification of cortical porosity from high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographic images. Bone. May 2013;54(1):8-20.
1979	Lees S, Heeley JD, Cleary PF. A study of some properties of a sample of bovine cortical bone using ultrasound. Calcif Tiss Int. 1979;29(2):107-117.
1981	Lees S. A mixed packing model for bone collagen. Calcif Tiss Int. 1981;33(6):591-602.
1987	Lees S. Considerations regarding the structure of the mammalian mineralized osteoid from viewpoint of the generalized packing model. Connect Tissue Res. 1987;16(4):281-303.
1998	Aerssens J, Boonen S, Lowet G, Dequeker J. Interspecies differences in bone composition, density, and quality: potential implications for in vivo bone research. Endocrinology. February 1998;139(2):663-670.
2002	Hellmich C, Ulm F-J. Are mineralized tissues open crystal foams reinforced by crosslinked collagen? some energy arguments. J Biomech. September 2002;35(9):1199-1212.
1993	Skedros JG, Bloebaum RD, Bachus KN, Boyce TM. The meaning of graylevels in backscattered electron images of bone. J Biomed Mater Res. January 1993;7(1):47-56.
1993	Skedros JG, Bloebaum RD, Bachus KN, Boyce TM, Constantz B. Influence of mineral content and composition on graylevels in backscattered electron images of bone. J Biomed Mater Res. January 1993;27(1):57-64.
2004	Fernández-Seara MA, Wehrli SL, Takahashi M, Wehrli FW. Water content measured by proton-deuteron exchange NMR predicts bone mineral density and mechanical properties. J Bone Miner Res. February 2004;19(2):289-296.
2014	Bala Y, Zebaze R, Ghasem-Zadeh A, Atkinson EJ, Iuliano S, Peterson JM, Amin S, Bjørnerem Å, Melton LJ III, Johansson H, Kanis JA, Khosla S, Seeman E. Cortical porosity identifies women with osteopenia at increased risk for forearm fractures. J Bone Miner Res. June 2014;29(6):1356-1362.
2015	Zebaze R, Seeman E. Cortical bone: a challenging geography. J Bone Miner Res. January 2015;30(1):24-29.
2005	Tai K, Qi HJ, Ortiz C. Effect of mineral content on the nanoindentation properties and nanoscale deformation mechanisms of bovine tibial cortical bone. J Mater Sci Mater Med. October 2005;16(10):947-959.
2008	Techawiboonwong A, Song HK, Leonard MB, Wehrli FW. Cortical bone water: in vivo quantification with ultrashort echo-time MR imaging. Radiology. September 2008;248(3):824-833.
1990	Boyce TM, Bloebaum RD, Bachus KN, Skedros JG. Reproducible methods for calibrating the backscattered electron signal for quantitative assessment of mineral content in bone. Scanning Microsc. September 1990;4(3):591-600.
2005	Yoon YJ. Estimates of Bone Elastic Constants At Sequential Hierarchical Levels [PhD thesis]. New York, NY: The City University of New York; 2005.
1997	Bowman SM. Creep of Trabecular Bone [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University; May 1997.
2007	Tai K. Nanomechanics and Ultrastructural Studies of Cortical Bone: Fundamental Insights Regarding Structure-Function, Mineral-Organic Force Mechanics Interactions, and Heterogeneity [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; June 2007.
2015	Oftadeh R. Hierarchical Analysis and Multiscale Modelling of Cellular Structures: From Meta Materials to Bone Structure [PhD thesis]. Northeastern University; December 2015.
2009	Lievers WB. Effects of Geometric and Material Property Changes on the Apparent Elastic Properties of Cancellous Bone [PhD thesis]. Queen's University; April 2009.
2000	Kotha SP. A Micromechanical Model to Explain the Mechanical Properties of Bovine Cortical Bone in Tension: In Vitro Fluoride Ion Effects [PhD thesis]. Rutgers University; January 2000.
1996	Mikic B. Epigenetic Influences on Long Bone Growth, Development, and Evolution [PhD thesis]. Stanford University; June 1996.
1996	Beck BR. The Relationship of Streaming Potential Magnitude to Strain and Periosteal Modeling [PhD thesis]. Eugene, OR: University of Oregon; December 1996.
1993	Boyce TM. Aging Changes Within the Human Femoral Neck Cortex [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; August 1993.
1998	Vajda EG. Age-Related Changes in the Microstructure and Mineralization of the Female Proximal Femur [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; March 1998.
2005	Willie BM. Quantifying the Effects of Sterilization and Aging on the Oxidative Degradation and Wear of Crosslinked and Conventional Polyethylene Used in Total Joint Replacement [PhD thesis]. University of Utah; May 2005.
1998	Yeni YN. Fracture Mechanics of Human Cortical Bone: The Relationship of Geometry, Microstructure and Composition With the Fracture of the Tibia, Femoral Shaft and the Femoral Neck [PhD thesis]. West Virginia University; 1998.