European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Kanis, J. A.<sup>1</sup>; Burlet, N.<sup>2</sup>; Cooper, C.<sup>3</sup>; Delmas, P. D.<sup>4</sup>; Reginster, J.-Y.<sup>5</sup>; Borgstrom, F.<sup>6</sup>; Rizzoli, R.<sup>7</sup>

Year	Entry
1994	Kanis JA, Melton LJ III, Christiansen C, Johnston CC, Khaltaev N. The diagnosis of osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. August 1994;9(8):1137-1141.
2004	Chesnut CH III, Skag A, Christiansen C, Recker R, Stakkestad JA, Hoiseth A, Felsenberg D, Huss H, Gilbride J, Schimmer RC, Delmas PD; Oral Ibandronate Osteoporosis Vertebral Fracture Trial in North America and Europe (BONE). Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. August 2004;19(8):1241-1249.
2003	Delmas PD, Genant HK, Crans GG, Stock JL, Wong M, Siris E, Adachi JD. Severity of prevalent vertebral fractures and the risk of subsequent vertebral and nonvertebral fractures: results from the MORE trial. Bone. October 2003;33(4):522-532.
1997	Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D; European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. July 1997;7(4):390-406.
2005	Kanis JA, Johnell O. Requirements for DXA for the management of osteoporosis in Europe. Osteoporos Int. March 2005;16(3):229-238.
2005	Kanis JA, Johansson H, Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Eisman JA, Pols H, Tenenhouse A. Alcohol intake as a risk factor for fracture. Osteoporos Int. July 2005;16(7):737-742.
1999	Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH, Knickerbocker RK, Nickelsen T, Genant HK, Christiansen C, Delmas PD, Zanchetta JR, Stakkestad J, Glüer CC, Krueger K, Cohen FJ, Eckert S, Ensrud KE, Avioli LV, Lips P, Cummings SR; Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. JAMA. August 18, 1999;282(7):637-645.
2002	Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SAA, Howard BV, Johnson KC, Kotchen JM, Ockene J; Writing Group for the Women’s Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. July 17, 2002;288(3):321-333.
2002	Cranney A, Guyatt G, Griffith L, Wells G, Tugwell P, Rosen C; The Osteoporosis Methodology Group; The Osteoporosis Research Advisory Group. Meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis, IX: summary of meta-analyses of therapies for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Endocr Rev. August 2002;23(4):570-578.
2002	Kanis JA, Johnell O, De Laet C, Jonsson B, Oden A, Ogelsby AK. International variations in hip fracture probabilities: implications for risk assessment. J Bone Miner Res. July 2002;17(7):1237-1244.
1996	Genant HK, Engelke K, Fuerst T, Glüer C, Grampp S, Harris ST, Jergas M, Lang T, Lu Y, Majumdar S, Mathur A, Takada M. Noninvasive assessment of bone mineral and structure: state of the art. J Bone Miner Res. June 1996;11(6):707-730.
2002	Hochberg MC, Greenspan S, Wasnich RD, Miller P, Thompson DE, Ross PD. Changes in bone density and turnover explain the reductions in incidence of nonvertebral fractures that occur during treatment with antiresorptive agents. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. April 2002;87(4):1586-1592.
2005	De Laet C, Kanis JA, Odén A, Johanson H, Johnell O, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Kroger H, Fujiwara S, Garnero P, McCloskey EV, Mellstrom D, Melton LJ III, Meunier PJ, Pols HAP, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Body mass index as a predictor of fracture risk: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. November 2005;16(11):1330-1338.
2005	Watts NB, Geusens P, Barton IP, Felsenberg D. Relationship between changes in BMD and nonvertebral fracture incidence associated with risedronate: reduction in risk of nonvertebral fracture is not related to change in BMD. J Bone Miner Res. December 2005;20(12):2097-2104.
2002	Delmas PD. Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lancet. June 8, 2002;359(9322):2018-2026.
2003	Cauley JA, Robbins J, Chen Z, Cummings SR, Jackson RD, LaCroix AZ, LeBoff M, Lewis CE, McGowan J, Neuner J, Pettinger M, Stefanick ML, Wactawski-Wende J, Watts NB; Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Effects of estrogen plus progestin on risk of fracture and bone mineral density: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. JAMA. June 4, 2003;289(13):1729-1738.
2000	Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Jonsson B, De Laet C, Dawson A. Risk of hip fracture according to the World Health Organization criteria for osteopenia and osteoporosis. Bone. November 2000;27(5):585-590.
1995	Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, Cauley J, Black D, Vogt TM; Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. NEJM. March 23, 1995;332(12):767-773.
1993	Cummings SR, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Browner W, Cauley J, Ensrud K, Genant HK, Palmero L, Scott J, Vogt TM; Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. Lancet. January 9, 1993;341(8837):72-75.
2007	Lyles KW, Colón-Emeric CS, Magaziner JS, Adachi JD, Pieper CF, Mautalen C, Hyldstrup L, Recknor C, Nordsletten L, Moore KA, Lavecchia C, Zhang J, Mesenbrink P, Hodgson PK, Abrams K, Orloff JJ, Horowitz Z, Eriksen EF, Boonen S; HORIZON Recurrent Fracture Trial. Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture. NEJM. November 1, 2007;357(18):1799-1809.
1998	Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, Palermo L, Prineas R, Rubin SM, Scott JC, Vogt T, Wallace R, Yates AJ, LaCroix AZ; Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA. December 23, 1998;280(24):2077-2082.
2001	Neer RM, Arnaud CD, Zanchetta JR, Prince R, Gaich GA, Reginster J-Y, Hodsman AB, Eriksen EF, Ish-Shalom S, Genant HK, Wang O, Mellström D, Oefjord ES, Marcinowska-Suchowierska E, Salmi J, Mulder H, Halse J, Sawicki AZ, Mitlak BH. Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. NEJM. May 10, 2001;344(19):1434-1441.
1988	Hui SL, Slemenda CW, Johnston CC Jr. Age and bone mass as predictors of fracture in a prospective study. J Clin Invest. June 1988;81(6):1804-1809.
2000	Reginster J-Y, Minne HW, Sorensen OH, Hooper M, Roux C, Brandi ML, Lund B, Ethgen D, Pack S, Roumagnac I, Eastell R; Vertebral Efficacy with Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Randomized trial of the effects of risedronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. January 2000;11(1):83-91.
1999	Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, McKeever CD, Hangartner T, Keller M, Chesnut CH III, Brown J, Eriksen EF, Hoseyni MS, Axelrod DW, Miller PD; Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. October 13, 1999;282(14):1344-1352.
2000	Kanis JA, Glüer C-C; Committee of Scientific Advisors, International Osteoporosis Foundation. An update on the diagnosis and assessment of osteoporosis with densitometry. Osteoporos Int. March 2000;11(3):192-202.
1998	Looker AC, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP, Johnston CC Jr, Lindsay R. Updated data on proximal femur bone mineral levels of US adults. Osteoporos Int. 1998;8(5):468-489.
1997	Looker AC, Orwoll ES, Johnston CC Jr, Lindsay RL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Calvo MS, Harris TB, Heyse SP. Prevalence of low femoral bone density in older U.S. adults from NHANES III. J Bone Miner Res. November 1997;12(11):1761-1768.
2002	van Staa TP, Leufkens HGM, Cooper C. The epidemiology of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. October 2002;13(10):777-787.
2000	Klotzbuecher CM, Ross PD, Landsman PB, Abbott TA III, Berger M. Patients with prior fractures have an increased risk of future fractures: a summary of the literature and statistical synthesis. J Bone Miner Res. April 2000;15(4):721-739.
2005	Prince R, Sipos A, Hossain A, Syversen U, Ish-Shalom S, Marcinowska E, Halse J, Lindsay R, Dalsky GP, Mitlak BH. Sustained nonvertebral fragility fracture risk reduction after discontinuation of teriparatide treatment. J Bone Miner Res. September 2005;20(9):1507-1513.
2003	Black DM, Greenspan SL, Ensrud KE, Palermo L, McGowan JA, Lang TF, Garnero P, Bouxsein ML, Bilezikian JP, Rosen CJ; PaTH Study Investigators. The effects of parathyroid hormone and alendronate alone or in combination in postmenopausal osteoporosis. NEJM. September 25, 2003;349(13):1207-1215.
1996	Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, Bauer DC, Genant HK, Haskell WL, Marcus R, Ott SM, Torner JC, Quandt SA, Reiss TF, Ensrud KE. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Lancet. December 7, 1996;348(9041):1535-1541.
1993	Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Jacobsen SJ, O’Fallon WM, Melton LJ III. Population-based study of survival after osteoporotic fractures. Am J Epidemiol. May 1, 1993;137(9):1001-1005.
2000	Chesnut CH, Silverman S, Andriano K, Genant H, Gimona A, Harris S, Kiel D, LeBoff M, Maricic M, Miller P, Moniz C, Peacock M, Richardson P, Watts N, Baylink D; PROOF Study Group. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: the prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. Am J Med. September 2000;109(4):267-276.
2001	McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD, Zippel H, Bensen WG, Roux C, Adami S, Fogelman I, Diamond T, Eastell R, Meunier PJ, Wasnich RD, Greenwald M, Kaufman J-M, Chesnut CH, Reginster J-Y; Hip Intervention Program Study Group. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women: Hip Intervention Program Study Group. NEJM. February 1, 2001;344(5):333-340.
2002	Sarkar S, Mitlak BH, Wong M, Stock JL, Black DM, Harper KD. Relationships between bone mineral density and incident vertebral fracture risk with raloxifene therapy. J Bone Miner Res. January 2002;17(1):1-10.
2007	Black DM, Delmas PD, Eastell R, Reid IR, Boonen S, Cauley JA, Cosman F, Lakatos P, Leung PC, Man Z, Mautalen C, Mesenbrink P, Hu H, Caminis J, Tong K, Rosario-Jansen T, Krasnow J, Hue TF, Sellmeyer D, Eriksen EF, Cummings SR; HORIZON Pivotal Fracture Trial. Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. NEJM. May 3, 2007;356(18):1809-1822.
2005	Black DM, Bilezikian JP, Ensrud KE, Greenspan SL, Palermo L, Hue T, Lang TF, McGowan JA, Rosen CJ; PaTH Study Investigators. One year of alendronate after one year of parathyroid hormone (1-84) for osteoporosis. NEJM. August 11, 2005;353(6):555-565.
2005	Kanis JA, Borgstrom F, De Laet C, Johansson H, Johnell O, Jonsson B, Oden A, Zethraeus N, Pfleger B, Khaltaev N. Assessment of fracture risk. Osteoporos Int. June 2005;16(6):581-589.
2001	Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Dawson A, De Laet C, Jonsson B. Ten year probabilities of osteoporotic fractures according to BMD and diagnostic thresholds. Osteoporos Int. December 2001;12(12):989-995.
2000	Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, Sernbo I, Redlund-Johnell I, Dawson A, De Laet C, Jonsson B. Long-term risk of osteoporotic fracture in Malmö. Osteoporos Int. September 2000;11(8):669-674.
2003	Kanis JA, Oden A, Johnell O, Laet CD, Jonsson B, Oglesby AK. The components of excess mortality after hip fracture. Bone. May 2003;32(5):468-473.
2002	Kanis JA. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet. June 1, 2002;359(9321):1929-1936.
2003	Eastell R, Barton I, Hannon R, Chines A, Garnero P, Delmas P. Relationship of early changes in bone resorption to the reduction in fracture risk with risedronate. J Bone Miner Res. June 2003;18(6):1051-1056.
2005	Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, De Laet C, Delmas P, Eisman JA, Fujiwara S, Kroger H, Mellstrom D, Meunier PJ, Melton LJ III, O'Neill T, Pols H, Reeve J, Silman A, Tenenhouse A. Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res. July 2005;20(7):1185-1194.
2006	Johnell O, Kanis JA. An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporos Int. December 2006;17(12):1726-1733.
1996	Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ. May 18, 1996;312(7041):1254-1259.

Year	Entry
2009	van Geel TACM, van Helden S, Geusens PP, Winkens B, Dinant G-J. Clinical subsequent fractures cluster in time after first fractures. Ann Rheum Dis. January 2009;68(1):99-102.
2009	Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgström F, Ström O, McCloskey E. FRAX^® and its applications to clinical practice. Bone. May 2009;44(5):734-743.
2011	Baron R, Ferrari S, Russell RGG. Denosumab and bisphosphonates: different mechanisms of action and effects. Bone. April 2011;48(4):677-692.
2020	Wang C-Y, Fu S-H, Yang R-S, Chen L-K, Shen L-J, Hsiao F-Y. Timing of anti-osteoporosis medications initiation after a hip fracture affects the risk of subsequent fracture: a nationwide cohort study. Bone. September 2020;138:115452.
2014	Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, Curtis JR, Delzell ES, Randall S, Dawson‐Hughes B. The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. J Bone Miner Res. November 2014;29(11):2520-2526.
2010	Treece GM, Gee AH, Mayhew PM, Poole KES. High resolution cortical bone thickness measurement from clinical CT data. Med Image Anal. June 2010;14(3):276-290.
2008	Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Strom O, Borgstrom F, Oden A. Case finding for the management of osteoporosis with FRAX^®: assessment and intervention thresholds for the UK. Osteoporos Int. October 2008;19(10):1395-1408.
2011	Vasikaran S, Eastell R, Bruyère O, Foldes AJ, Garnero P, Griesmacher A, McClung M, Morris HA, Silverman S, Trenti T, Wahl DA, Cooper C, Kanis JA; OF-IFCC Bone Marker Standards Working Group. Markers of bone turnover for the prediction of fracture risk and monitoring of osteoporosis treatment: a need for international reference standards. Osteoporos Int. February 2011;22(2):391-420.
2011	Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C, Baim S, Bilezikian JP, Binkley N, Cauley JA, Compston JE, Dawson-Hughes B, El-Hajj Fuleihan G, Johansson H, Leslie WD, Lewiecki EM, Luckey M, Oden A, Papapoulos SE, Poiana C, Rizzoli R, Wahl DA, McCloskey EV. Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int. September 2011;22(9):2395-2411.
2013	Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y; Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO); Committee of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. January 2013;24(1):23-57.
2019	Kanis JA, Cooper C, Rizzoli R, Reginster J-Y; Scientific Advisory Board of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis (ESCEO); Committees of Scientific Advisors and National Societies of the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF). European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. January 2019;30(1):3-44.
2020	Bassatne A, Harb H, Jaafar B, Romanos J, Ammar W, Fuleihan GE-H. Disease burden of osteoporosis and other non-communicable diseases in Lebanon. Osteoporos Int. September 2020;31(9):1769-1777.
2021	Ning H-T, Du Y, Zhao L-J, Tian Q, Feng H, Deng H-W. Racial and gender differences in the relationship between sarcopenia and bone mineral density among older adults. Osteoporos Int. May 2021;32(5):841-851.
2012	Moayyeri A. Risk Assessment for Osteoporotic Fractures Among Men and Women from a Prospective Population Study: The EPIC-Norfolk Study [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge; 2012.
2013	Maher JR. Transcutaneous Raman Spectroscopy of Bone [PhD thesis]. University of Rochester; 2013.
2009	Schousboe JT. Determinants of Oral Medication Compliance in Osteoporosis: The Role of Medication Beliefs [PhD thesis]. University of Minnesota; January 2009.