Indirect solid free form fab.rication of local and global porous, biomimetic and composite 3d polymer-ceramic scaffolds

Taboas, J. M.<sup>1</sup>; Maddox, R. D.<sup>1</sup>; Krebsbach, P. H.<sup>1,2</sup>; Hollister, S. J.<sup>3,4,5</sup>

Affiliations

¹Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Oncology, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 N University Ave, Room G-018, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

²Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Rm 3304 GG Brown Bldg, 2520 Hayward, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

³Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Room 3304, GG Brown Building 2520, Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

⁴Oral Surgery Section, Medical School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

⁵Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA

Abstract and keywords

Precise control over scaffold material, porosity, and internal pore architecture is essential for tissue engineering. By coupling solid free form (SFF) manufacturing with conventional sponge scaffold fabrication procedures, we have developed methods for casting scaffolds that contain designed and controlled locally porous and globally porous internal architectures. These methods are compatible with numerous bioresorbable and non-resorbable polymers, ceramics, and biologic materials. Phase separation, emulsion-solvent diffusion, and porogen leaching were used to create poly(l)lactide (PLA) scaffolds containing both computationally designed global pores (500, 600, or 800 μm wide channels) and solvent fashioned local pores (50–100 μm wide voids or 5–10 μm length plates). Globally porous PLA and polyglycolide/PLA discrete composites were made using melt processing. Biphasic scaffolds with mechanically interdigitated PLA and sintered hydroxyapatite regions were fabricated with 500 and 600 μm wide global pores. PLA scaffolds with complex internal architectures that mimicked human trabecular bone were produced. Our indirect fabrication using casting in SFF molds provided enhanced control over scaffold shape, material, porosity and pore architecture, including size, geometry, orientation, branching, and interconnectivity. These scaffolds that contain concurrent local and global pores, discrete material regions, and biomimetic internal architectures may prove valuable for multi-tissue and structural tissue interface engineering.

Keywords: Free from fabrication; Scaffolds; Polymer; Ceramic; Composites; Biomimetic

Links

DOI: 10.1016/S0142-9612(02)00276-4

PubMed: 12417192

WoS: 000179240600021

History

Received: 2002-04-15

Accepted: 2002-07-4

Online: 2002-08-30

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Cited By (27)

Year	Entry
2005	Williams JM, Adewunmi A, Schek RM, Flanagan CL, Krebsbach PH, Feinberg SE, Hollister SJ, Das S. Bone tissue engineering using polycaprolactone scaffolds fabricated via selective laser sintering. Biomaterials. August 2005;26(23):4817-4827.
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