Investigation of facial fracture tolerance to steering wheel impact

Yoganandan, Narayan; Pintar, Frank A.; Sances, Jr, Anthony

Year	Entry
1981	Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Dunn WL, Mazess RB, Offord KP, Melton LJ III. Differential changes in bone mineral density of the appendicular and axial skeleton with aging: relationship to spinal osteoporosis. J Clin Invest. February 1981;67(2):328-335.
1989	Zuby DS, Saul RA. Restrained drivers' facial skeleton injuries resulting from steering assembly contact: a conspectus. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.597-603.
1988	Yoganandan N, Pintar F, Sances A Jr, Harris G, Chintapalli K, Myklebust J, Schmaltz D, Reinartz J, Kalbfleisch J, Larson S. Steering wheel induced facial trauma. In: Proceedings of the 32nd Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 17-19, 1988; Atlanta, GA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:45-69. SAE 881712.
1880	Messerer O. Über Elasticität und Festigkeit der menschlichen Knochen. Stuttgart, Germany: Cotta; 1880.
1967	Hodgson VR. Tolerance of the facial bones to impact. Am J Anat. 1967;120(1):113-122.
1986	Nyquist GW, Cavanaugh JM, Goldberg SJ, King AI. Facial impact tolerance and response. In: Proceedings of the 30th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 27-29, 1986; San Diego, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:379-400. SAE 861896.
1989	Melvin JW, Shee TR. Facial injury assessment techniques. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.608-617.
1972	Schneider DC, Nahum AM. Impact studies of facial bones and skull. In: Proceedings of the 16th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-10, 1972; Detroit, MI. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:186-203. SAE 720965.
1984	Ran A, Koch M, Mellander H. Fitting injury versus exposure data into a risk function. In: Proceedings of the 1984 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 4-6, 1984; Delft, The Netherlands.301-312.
1989	Clemo KC, Penoyre S, White MJ. Safer steering wheels to reduce face bone fractures. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). May 29–June 1, 1989; Göteborg, Sweden.275-287.
1985	Haffner M. Synthesis of pelvic fracture criteria for lateral impact loading. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.132-152. SAE 856028.