Injuries to child in automobile collisions

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Siegel, Arnold W.¹; Nahum, Alan M.¹; Appleby, Michael R.¹

Injuries to child in automobile collisions

Proceedings of the 12th Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations

¹School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
Abstract

Forty-six automobile collisions with 82 child occupants have been studied. Emphasis was placed on the mechanism of injury production and child collision kinematics.

A number of case examples illustrate these injury patterns. Also included are example cases of the effects of collisions in pregnancy and cases of restrained children.

Childhood growth characteristics as they affect injury patterns and restraint systems are discussed in detail. An analysis of current types of restraint systems is included and recommendations are made. Collision and comfort-convenience requirements of an "ideal" restraint system are listed.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/680771

SAE: 680771

Cited Works (6)

Year	Entry
in press	Nahum AM, Siegel AW, Hight PV, Brooks SH. Lower extremity injuries of front seat occupants. SAE 680483.
1961	Severy DM, Siegel AW. Engineered collisions. In: Proceedings of the 5th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. September 14-16, 1961; University of Minnesota. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:33-47.
1966	Nahum AM, Siegel AW, Trachtenberg SB. Causes of significant injuries in nonfatal traffic accidents. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:295-313. SAE 660803.
1967	Nahum AM, Siegel AW, Hight PV. Injuries to rear seat occupants in automobile collisions. In: Proceedings of the 11th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 10-11, 1967; Anaheim, CA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:242-266. SAE 670918.
1964	Nahum AM, Siegel AW, Miller SE. Injury in non-fatal accidents. In: Patrick LM, ed. Proceedings of the 8th Stapp Car Crash and Field Demonstration Conference. October 21-23, 1964; Wayne State University. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press:12-31. SAE 640841.
1966	Snyder RG, Snow CC, Crosby WM, Hanson P, Fineg J, Prine J. Impact injury to the pregnant female and fetus in lap belt restraint. In: Proceedings of the 10th Stapp Car Crash Conference. November 8-9, 1966; Hollomon Air Force Base, NM. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:249-259. SAE 660801.

Cited By (17)

Year	Entry
1968	Fenner HA Jr, Ruby WJ, Huelke DF, Siegel AW. Medical-engineering panel: the story of an accident. In: 12th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 17-18, 1968; Sacramento, CA.223-244.
1969	Sierant GW. Infant safety carrier. In: 13th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16, 1969; Minneapolis, MN.213-220.
1969	Snyder RG. Impact injury tolerances of infants and children in free-fall. In: 13th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 16, 1969; Minneapolis, MN.131-164.
1974	Moon JS, Nicol J. The neglected child syndrome: the infant and child in automobile collisions. In: 18th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 1974; Toronto, ON.37-57.
1978	Huelke DF, Lawson TE. The rear seat automobile passenger in frontal crashes. In: 22nd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). July 10-14, 1978; Ann Arbor, MI.141-150.
1979	McDonald QH. Rearward-facing infant restraints: optimum reclining angles for the design of safer, more protective and comfortable restraints. In: 23rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 4-6, 1979; Louisville, KY.452-479.
1979	Williams AF, Wong J, O'Neill B. Occupant protection in interior impacts an analysis of federal motor vehicle safety standard no. 201. In: 23rd Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 4-6, 1979; Louisville, KY.361-381.
1982	Agran PF, Dunkle DE. Child occupants travelling in non-passenger zones of small cars. In: 26th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). October 4-6, 1982; Ottawa, ON.197-206.
1973	Carlsson S, Silverbåge Carlsson G, Hansson P, Lindgren S, Löfgren J. Epidemiology of head in juries. In: Proceedings of the 1973 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. June 26-27, 1973; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.131-152.
1974	Ashton SJ, Mackay GM, Gloyns PF. Trauma to children as car occupants. In: Proceedings of the International Meeting on the Biomechanics of Trauma in Children. September 17-19, 1974; Lyon, France.83-100.
1974	Lowne RW. Injuries to children involved in road accidents. In: Proceedings of the International Meeting on the Biomechanics of Trauma in Children. September 17-19, 1974; Lyon, France.19-29.
1974	Stalnaker RL, Melvin JW. Evaluation of current production and prototype child restraint systems in the USA. In: Proceedings of the International Meeting on the Biomechanics of Trauma in Children. September 17-19, 1974; Lyon, France.288-300.
1974	Verriest JP. Etude du comportement dynamique du systeme tete-cou lors de l'application de forces sinusoïdales de faible amplitude chez l'enfant age de 9 a 11 ans. In: Proceedings of the International Meeting on the Biomechanics of Trauma in Children. September 17-19, 1974; Lyon, France.215-236.
1969	Van Kirk DJ, King AI. A preliminary study of an effective restraint system for pregnant women and children. In: Proceedings of the 13th Stapp Car Crash Conference. December 2-4, 1969; Boston, MA. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:353-364. SAE 690814.
1977	Williams A, Zador P. Injuries to children in automobiles in relation to seating location and restraint use. Accid Anal Prev. March 1977;9(1):69-76.
1995	Myers BS, Winkelstein BA. Epidemiology, classification, mechanism, and tolerance of human cervical spine injuries. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1995;23(5-6):307-409.
1987	Agran PF, Dunkle DE, Winn DG. Injuries to a sample of seatbelted children evaluated and treated in a hospital emergency room. J Trauma. January 1987;27(1):58-64.