The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of tissues and is made up primarily of collagen type 1. Recent studies implicate ECM stiffening as a predictor and driver of metastases in breast cancer, but while changes in collagen organization or protein content can alter the stiffness and function of the ECM, the mechanisms by which tissue stiffen in the context of breast cancer remain unclear. Clinical measurements of tissue stiffness in metastatic patient samples do not consistently demonstrate increased zonal stiffness, suggesting a transient stiffening mechanism may be at play. Here, we hypothesize that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), webs of DNA sprayed out by neutrophils, can transiently stiffen the ECM sufficiently to prompt invasion of cancer cells. We induced the formation of NETs in reconstituted collagen gels through stimulation of isolated neutrophils with Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and noted that the pore sizes of 3D biomaterials limit NET dispersion into the matrix, suggesting that NETs may interact with collagen to stiffen the matrix. We then found significant increases in both bulk and local stiffness, as measured via rheometry and optical magnetic twisting cytometry, respectively. However, stiffness is unchanged when NETosis was induced, and NETs were added to collagen pre-gelation suggesting a localization requirement between neutrophil contents and NETs to stiffen collagen. We then asked whether specific NET sources may differently affect stiffness or breast cancer behaviour. Immature low-density neutrophils (iLDNs), a neutrophil sub-population more prevalent in mice with cancer, has been associated with increased metastases, compared to high-density neutrophil (HDN) populations in healthy mice. To determine whether these neutrophil phenotypic differences may affect breast cancer invasion, we engineered a model system consisting of an array of engineered Src-inducible breast cancer spheroids, embedded within collagen matrices that can invade into the matrix on demand. Invasion was significantly more pronounced into collagen matrices with neutrophil contents, particularly in neutrophil contents from iLDNs after controlling for the number of neutrophils present. Together, this in vitro study suggests that neutrophil extracellular traps, particularly those that are associated with the presence and progression of cancer, may play a previously unsuspected role in transient biophysical regulation of cancer metastasis. These findings suggest novel biophysical mechanisms by which cancer progresses, and potential therapeutic targets with which to limit cancer metastasis