The increasing demand for high quality communication systems and signal processing is constantly pushing the researchers to find new device concepts in microwave and optical domains. This continuous exploration has recently led to the possibility of using high-temperature superconductors (HTS) in optoelectronics and microwave/photonic devices with low-noise/low-power and high-speed/high-frequency characteristics. However, analysis and design of the superconducting optoelectronic devices require a physical modeling for the optical/microwave interaction in these materials. Toward this aim, we propose in this thesis the superconducting photoresponse mechanism-models in order to explore the interaction of light with high-temperature superconducting film. Two-Fluid model is used to study the electrical signal propagation along the photo-excited HTS structure. By employing the effective temperature model into the heat transfer analysis, the fast bolometric photoresponse is investigated for potential applications in optoelectronic and microwave/photonic components. A multifunctional HTS Optoelectronic device concept and optically-controlled passive HTS microwave devices are introduced based on the lumped optical/microwave interaction model in the HTS films. We demonstrate the possibility of microwave harmonic generation and signal mixing in a current-driven photoexcited HTS film. The concept of optical control of HTS microwave devices is applied to the HTS delay line and resonator, leading to fine tuning of their characteristics. Finally, the traveling-wave HTS microwave/photonic device concept is introduced stemming from the analytical investigation of the traveling-wave optical/microwave interaction in the HTS transmission line. The microwave propagation along the spatio-temporal conductivity grating in the HTS transmission line is rigorously solved by using Maxwell's equations with Floquet's approach and time-varying coupled mode analysis. Numerical results obtained from these analyses serve to demonstrate the potential applications of these devices in periodic filtering of the microwave signal suited for high-performance microwave/photonic communication systems and radio over optical fiber applications.