This thesis investigates the enhancements in telecentric digital holographic microscopy (TDHM), focusing on optimizing off-axis configurations for biomedical applications. Through a holistic approach combining hardware innovations and algorithmicadvancements, this work addresses fundamental limitations in traditional digital holographic microscopy (DHM) and extends its capabilities for dynamic biological research.

The introduction of a telecentric optical design within DHM systems significantly reduces alignment complexities and aberrations. By optimizing this approach, TDHM achieves superior phase stability and image quality compared to conventional methods. Additionally, this design facilitates the integration of TDHM with other microscopic techniques, enhancing its versatility in biomedical imaging. The core of the technological advancement lies in the development of portable and hybrid TDHM systems. These systems not only democratize advanced imaging capabilities by being cost-effective and user-friendly but also improve the accessibility of high-resolution, real-time imaging in diverse research environments. The portable TDHM system, in particular, exemplifies the practical application of holographic microscopy outside traditional laboratory settings, thereby broadening the scope of in-situ biological studies.

Moreover, this thesis introduces novel algorithmic improvements that accelerate the post-processing of holographic images. By leveraging high-density parallel computing, the refined algorithms enhance the speed and accuracy of optical reconstructions and phase unwrapping, which are crucial for real-time biological observations. These advancements are pivotal in observing fast cellular dynamics, particularly in tracking individual bacterial cells within biofilms, thus offering new insights into microbial processes.

In summary, the enhancements in TDHM articulated in this thesis not only provide a deeper understanding of holographic imaging mechanisms but also pave the way for innovative applications in biomedical research. The integration of telecentric optics, portable system designs, and advanced computational algorithms establishes a new standard in the field, promising wider adoption and future explorations in both academic and clinical settings