Polymers and polymeric composites have been widely used due to their low density and high specific strength, but the main disadvantage is low conductivity. Cold spray has been utilized to solve the problem. However, cold sprayability of polymers exhibits poor deposition efficiency and coating adhesion strength. In this work, the effects of three surface preparation methods (laser, plasma and mechanical treatment) are explored on the cold spray deposition characteristics of tin and tin-bismuth powders for thermoplastic (ABS, PEEK) and thermosetting polymers (epoxy, epoxy-CFRP). Laser and plasma treatment did not achieve any significant change of the cold spray coating performance. However, mechanically roughening surfaces by transferring patterns onto polymer surfaces by hot pressing increased the deposition efficiency (coating thickness) but adversely affected the coating adhesion strength. Surface roughness parameters show the existence of an optimal roughness value for deposition efficiency and a linear correlation between surface skewness and kurtosis.