Muscle Recruitment Patterns During Sitting

Trunk stability during sitting is important as it allows the body to retain equilibrium against perturbations without falling. The goal of this study was to investigate the muscles and muscle patterns of body responses to external perturbations. Thirteen healthy able-bodied subjects sat on a custom seating device during experiments in which muscle activities, centre of pressure (COP) and body movements were measured. Manual perturbations from one of eight directions were applied to the torso of the subject. Directional dependencies were observed in the abdominal muscles and back muscles. The frequency of muscle response, peak muscle activity, and muscle response onset time were quantified. Changes in COP displacement and velocity were found to be direction dependent. These results could be used to develop a neuroprosthesis for trunk stability for individuals with spinal cord injury who frequently experience difficulties with maintaining stability during sitting due to their impairment.

Year	Entry
1990	Andersson GBJ, Winters JM. Role of muscle in postural tasks: spinal loading and postural stability. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y, eds. Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:377-395.
1999	Cholewicki J, Juluru K, Radebold A, Panjabi MM, McGill SM. Lumbar spine stability can be augmented with an abdominal belt and/or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Eur Spine J. October 1999;8(5):388-395.
1992	Crisco JJ, Panjabi MM, Yamamoto I, Oxland TR. Euler stability of the human ligamentous lumbar spine, II: experiment. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). February 1992;7(1):27-32.
1996	Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: implications for injury and chronic low back pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 1996;11(1):1-15.
2006	Wilson EL, Madigan ML, Davidson BS, Nussbaum MA. Postural strategy changes with fatigue of the lumbar extensor muscles. Gait Post. April 2006;23(3):348-354.
1996	Prieto TE, Myklebust JB, Hoffmann RG, Lovett EG, Myklebust BM. Measures of postural steadiness: differences between healthy young and elderly adults. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. September 1996;43(9):956-966.
1991	McGill SM. Electromyographic activity of the abdominal and low back musculature during the generation of isometric and dynamic axial trunk torque: implications for lumbar mechanics. J Orthop Res. January 1991;9(1):91-103.

Year

Entry

1990

Andersson GBJ, Winters JM. Role of muscle in postural tasks: spinal loading and postural stability. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y, eds. Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:377-395.

1999

Cholewicki J, Juluru K, Radebold A, Panjabi MM, McGill SM. Lumbar spine stability can be augmented with an abdominal belt and/or increased intra-abdominal pressure. Eur Spine J. October 1999;8(5):388-395.

1992

Crisco JJ, Panjabi MM, Yamamoto I, Oxland TR. Euler stability of the human ligamentous lumbar spine, II: experiment. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). February 1992;7(1):27-32.

1996

Cholewicki J, McGill SM. Mechanical stability of the in vivo lumbar spine: implications for injury and chronic low back pain. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 1996;11(1):1-15.

2006

Wilson EL, Madigan ML, Davidson BS, Nussbaum MA. Postural strategy changes with fatigue of the lumbar extensor muscles. Gait Post. April 2006;23(3):348-354.

1996

Prieto TE, Myklebust JB, Hoffmann RG, Lovett EG, Myklebust BM. Measures of postural steadiness: differences between healthy young and elderly adults. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. September 1996;43(9):956-966.

1991

McGill SM. Electromyographic activity of the abdominal and low back musculature during the generation of isometric and dynamic axial trunk torque: implications for lumbar mechanics. J Orthop Res. January 1991;9(1):91-103.

Year	Entry
2017	Gholibeigian F. Quantitative Characterization of Dynamic Sitting Control During Continuous Multi-Directional Perturbations [Master's thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; F 2017.
2008	Vaisman L. Application of Singular Spectrum-Based Change-Point Analysis to EMG Event Detection [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2008.
2011	Vette A-H. Trunk Stability During Postural Control: Tool Development and Analysis [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011.
2011	Wu N. Quantifying Multi-Directional Trunk Stiffness During Sitting With and Without Functional Electrical Stimulation: Able-Bodied Subjects [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011.
2013	Kuipers MJ. Functional Electrical Stimulation as a Neuroprosthesis for Sitting Balance: Measuring Respiratory Function and Seated Postural Control in Able-Bodied Individuals and Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013.
2015	Milosevic M. Neuromuscular Control of the Trunk During Sitting Balance [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2015.

Year

Entry

2017

Gholibeigian F. Quantitative Characterization of Dynamic Sitting Control During Continuous Multi-Directional Perturbations [Master's thesis]. Edmonton, AB: University of Alberta; F 2017.

2008

Vaisman L. Application of Singular Spectrum-Based Change-Point Analysis to EMG Event Detection [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2008.

2011

Vette A-H. Trunk Stability During Postural Control: Tool Development and Analysis [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011.

2011

Wu N. Quantifying Multi-Directional Trunk Stiffness During Sitting With and Without Functional Electrical Stimulation: Able-Bodied Subjects [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011.

2013

Kuipers MJ. Functional Electrical Stimulation as a Neuroprosthesis for Sitting Balance: Measuring Respiratory Function and Seated Postural Control in Able-Bodied Individuals and Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2013.

2015

Milosevic M. Neuromuscular Control of the Trunk During Sitting Balance [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2015.