Closed Loop Control of the Ankle Joint Using Functional Electrical Stimulation

Links

Abstract

The restoration of arm-free standing in paraplegic individuals can be accomplished with the help of functional electrical stimulation (FES). The key component of such a system is a controller that can modulate FES induced muscle contractions in real-time, such that artificially produced forces in the legs and abdominal muscles are able to generate stable standing posture. A 57 year-old individual with chronic ASIA-A (American Spinal Injury Association), T3/4 level spinal cord injury (SCI) participated in this study. The objective was to determine if a proportional-derivative (PD) or proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller could be used to regulate FES induced muscle contractions in the ankle joint to allow it to maintain balance of the entire body during quiet standing, while exhibiting physiological dynamics seen in able-bodied individuals while doing so.

Cited Works (1)

Year	Entry
2006	Popovic MR, Thrasher TA, Adams ME, Takes V, Zivanovic V, Tonack MI. Functional electrical therapy: retraining grasping in spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. March 2006;44(3):143-151.

Cited By (2)

Year	Entry
2011	Lynch CL. Closed-Loop Control of Electrically Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Contractions [PhD thesis]. University of Toronto; 2011.
2014	Same MB. Closed-Loop Control of Ankle Plantarflexors and Dorsiflexors Using an Inverted Pendulum Apparatus [Master's thesis]. University of Toronto; 2014.