The suitability of modern fuel level sensing technology is evaluated in the context of propane vehicles. This current technology is shown to be unsatisfactory due to problems with poor reliability and performance. In an effort to solve this problem, level sensing technologies suitable for static and dynamic applications are explored as possible alternatives. From the technologies discussed, the Helmholtz method is chosen as the best option due to its potential to disregard errors caused by the movement of the fuel inside the tank.

A study of the major factors affecting the implementation of the Helmholtz method is also presented. This study focuses on the acoustic properties of Helmholtz resonators as they apply to fluid level sensing. Experimental results demonstrate the ability of this method to detect volume change in a tank. These experiments also explore the effects of using speakers as excitation sources. The behavior of tanks with simple and complex geometric features are also examined.