The industrial sector is a major emitter of waste heat, and as such many opportunities exist for the implementation of waste heat recovery systems. Selecting the correct waste heat recovery system for any given application highly depends on the temperature at which waste heat is emitted. For example, although data centers are an abundant source of waste heat, emission temperatures from this industry rarely exceed 80˚C. Due to this low temperature limitation, few power cycle options are available for heat recovery. One of the most common in this regard is the heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycle. On the other end of the spectrum are cement plants which commonly emit waste heat at temperatures above 350oC. Contrary to the case for data centers, high temperature waste heat availability at cement plants allows for multiple power cycle options to be utilized for heat recovery, the most common being the steam Rankine, organic Rankine and Kalina cycles. Although the cycles mentioned above are advantageous in many regards, most utilize high global warming potential working fluids, which are considered to be hazardous to the environment if released into the atmosphere. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the thermodynamic and economic performance of various power cycle configurations utilizing low global warming potential working fluids for waste heat recovery in both data centers and cement plants. For data center waste heat recovery, a numerical model is developed of a heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycle and scenarios are created in which the working fluids R1234yf, R1234ze, R161, and pentane are utilized assuming the system is implemented in a typical 1000-server data center located in Toronto, Ontario. For cement plant waste heat recovery, numerical models corresponding to six different transcritical carbon dioxide power cycles are developed and applied to a system that emulates the characteristics of a conventional cement plant. The Engineering Equation Solver tool is used to develop all models and conduct simulations. To determine the economic feasibility of each power cycle configuration, a present worth analysis is conducted. For all cases, results are compared relative to those obtained using a conventional power cycle approach. In data centers, it was found that certain low global warming potential working fluids, like R161 and pentane, have similar or better thermodynamic performance than conventional working fluids when used in a heat pump assisted organic Rankine cycle system, and that these can potentially be implemented at a much lower cost than conventional data center cooling systems. In cement plants, it was determined that an inter-regenerative transcritical carbon dioxide power cycle had the highest thermodynamic and economic performance out of all configurations studied for waste heat recovery.