A third of the world's population relies on fuel-based lighting for illumination, and this reliance is continuing to grow. Unfortunately, current fuel-based lighting is expensive, provides low-quality lighting, and pollutes indoor environments. In this thesis, we propose, design, and test a novel lantern that converts heat from a flame into electricity using a thermoelectric generator (TEG). The electricity powers a white light-emitting diode (WLED) to generate light. The light output of this proof of concept design is sensitive to the proximity of a kerosene wick flame to the TEG and to burn rate. For a given burn rate, the illumination levels produced are superior to the illumination levels produced by the kerosene wick flame alone. An economic analysis shows a substantial reduction in life cycle cost versus conventional lanterns.