The present study evaluated spinal trauma present in a skeletal assemblage from medieval Giecz, Poland. Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD), vertebral compression fractures, Schmorl’s Nodes, and spondylolysis were analyzed and documented in individuals with vertebral columns that were partially or fully complete. Males in this sample presented with a higher frequency of DJD, Schmorl’s Nodes, and wedge vertebral compression fractures. This supports the hypothesis that there was a sexual division of labor in the population at Giecz. When placed in a broader historical context, and in concert with findings from biomechanical research, it is clear that the population at Giecz, especially the males, experienced significant physiological pressure associated with agricultural production during the beginnings of feudalism. The members of this population lived a physically demanding lifestyle, as can be seen in the increasing prevalence of DJD and wedge compression fractures with age.