Muscle strengths and musculoskeletal geometry of the upper limb

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Amis, A. A.¹; Dowson, D.¹; Wright, V.¹

Muscle strengths and musculoskeletal geometry of the upper limb

Eng Med. 1979;8(1):41

©1979 IMechE

Affiliations

¹University of Leeds
Abstract

A survey of past literature has shown that there is a lack of reliable data for use in prediction of joint forces in the upper limb although this is desirable when developing joint replacements. Upper limb geometry has been analysed, leading to muscle moment arm data at the wrist and elbow. The variation of these moment arms during elbow flexion has also been examined. Analysis of the dimensions of muscles has enabled their relative strengths to be predicted, based on their ‘physiological cross-sections’. When used in conjuction with published emg data, this information will enable elbow and wrist joint forces to be estimated more realistically than has previously been possible.
Links

DOI: 10.1243/EMED_JOUR_1979_008_010

Cited Works (3)

Year	Entry
1978	Amis AA. Biomechanics of the Upper-Limb, and Design of an Elbow Prosthesis [PhD thesis]. University of Leeds; 1978.
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1975	Jensen RH, Davy DT. An investigation of muscle lines of action about the hip: a centroid line approach vs the straight line approach. J Biomech. March 1975;8(2):103-110.

Cited By (27)

Year	Entry
1990	An K-N, Morrey BF. Biomechanics of the elbow. In: Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Woo SL-Y, eds. Biomechanics of Diarthrodial Joints. Vol 2. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:441-464.
1990	Yamaguchi GT, Sawa AGU, Moran DW, Fessler MJ, Winters JM. A survey of human musculotendon actuator parameters. In: Winters JM, Woo SL-Y, eds. Multiple Muscle Systems: Biomechanics and Movement Organization. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag; 1990:717-773.
1981	An KN, Hui FC, Morrey BF, Linscheid RL, Chao EY. Muscles across the elbow joint: a biomechanical analysis. J Biomech. 1981;14(10):659-669.
1995	Murray WM, Delp SL, Buchanan TS. Variation of muscle moment arms with elbow and forearm position. J Biomech. May 1995;28(5):513-525.
2000	Johnson JA, Rath DA, Dunning CE, Roth SE, King GJW. Simulation of elbow and forearm motion in vitro using a load controlled testing apparatus. J Biomech. May 2000;33(5):635-639.
2000	Murray WM, Buchanan TS, Delp SL. The isometric functional capacity of muscles that cross the elbow. J Biomech. August 2000;33(8):943-952.
2001	Dunning CE, Duck TR, King GJW, Johnson JA. Simulated active control produces repeatable motion pathways of the elbow in an in vitro testing system. J Biomech. August 2001;34(8):1039-1048.
2002	Murray WM, Buchanan TS, Delp SL. Scaling of peak moment arms of elbow muscles with upper extremity bone dimensions. J Biomech. January 2002;35(1):19-26.
2011	Correa TA, Baker R, Kerr Graham H, Pandy MG. Accuracy of generic musculoskeletal models in predicting the functional roles of muscles in human gait. J Biomech. July 28, 2011;44(11):2096-2105.
2023	Rakauskas TR, Barron SM, Diaz TO, Nichols JA. Measuring fascicle lengths of extrinsic and intrinsic thumb muscles using extended field-of-view ultrasound. J Biomech. March 2023;149:111512.
2001	Koo K-kT. Neuromusculoskeletal Modeling of the Elbow Joint in Subjects With and Without Spasticity [PhD thesis]. Hong Kong Polytechnic University; December 2001.
1990	Russell DL. An Analysis of Constrained Motions in Manipulation [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, MA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology; September 1990.
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1997	Murray WM. The Functional Capacity of the Elbow Muscles: Anatomical Measurements, Computer Modeling, and Anthropometric Scaling [PhD thesis]. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University; June 1997.
1999	Arnold AS. Quantitative Descriptions of Musculoskeletal Geometry in Persons With Cerebral Palsy: Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Crouch Gait [PhD thesis]. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University; December 1999.
2015	Nelson CM. An Investigation of Musculoskeletal Adaptation At the Paretic Elbow After Chronic Hemiparetic Stroke Using Imaging, Biomechanical and Simulation Approaches [PhD thesis]. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University; December 2015.
2003	Kuxhaus L. Development of a Feedback-Controlled Elbow Simulator: Design Validation and Clinical Application [PhD thesis]. University of Pittsburgh; 2003.
1990	Hawkins DA. A Cellular-Based Muscle Model: Formulation and Application for Studying Muscle Mechanics [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 1990.
2006	Camilleri MJ. Increasing Accuracy and Establishing Statistical Confidence of Forward Dynamic Simulations of Human Movement [PhD thesis]. Davis, University of California; 2006.
1994	Gonzalez RV. A Computational Musculoskeletal Model of the Human Elbow and Forearm in the Analysis of Ballistic Movements [PhD thesis]. University of Texas at Austin; December 1994.
2023	Cho Y. Strength Scaling a Generic Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Model to Represent Individuals With Paraplegia [Master's thesis]. Richmond, VA: Virginia Commonwealth University; F 2023.
1997	Rath DA. Design and Development of an Elbow Loading Apparatus and the Determination of Elbow Kinematics [Master's thesis]. University of Western Ontario; May 1997.
2001	Dunning CE. Development of a Motion-Controlled Testing Apparatus and Kinematic Techniques to Simulate and Describe Elbow Motion (development of Tools to Simulate and Describe Elbow Motion) [PhD thesis]. London, ON: University of Western Ontario; 2001.
2011	Ferreira LM. Development of an Active Elbow Motion Simulator and Coordinate Systems to Evaluate Kinematics in Multiple Positions [PhD thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2011.
2013	Reeves JM. Development and Assessment of an Impact Apparatus and High-Speed Camera Motion Tracking System to Quantify the Effect of Static Muscle Loads on Fracture Threshold Measures in the Distal Radius [Master's thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2013.
2016	Manocha RHK. Optimizing the Rehabilitation of Elbow Lateral Collateral Ligament Injuries [Master's thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2016.
2018	Banayan SM. The Kinematic and Biomechanical Effects of Bracing on the Rehabilitation of the LCL Injured Elbow [Master's thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2018.