PROQUEST: 2148350367
Introduction: Diabetes and obesity are major healthcare problems in the United States1–3 . Both lead to increased prevalence of chronic wounds and inflammation in the body, via the interaction of many cell types such as macrophages and adipocytes/preadipocytes4–6 . Currently, the specific interactions between macrophages and preadipocytes have not been entirely elucidated. Additionally, therapeutic applications for chronic wounds and inflammation are often studied, however Low Intensity Vibration (LIV) has recently become a popular method of mechanical signaling for chronic wound therapy.
Aims: 1. To investigate the interaction between macrophages and preadipocytes in vitro. 2. To investigate the effects of LIV on this interaction.
Hypothesis: LIV promotes an altered phenotype of both non-polarized and classically activated macrophages, which influence preadipocyte phenotypes in vitro.
Methodology: LIV was applied to both non-polarized (M0) and polarized (M1) macrophages @ 100 Hz/.15g horizontally for 20 minutes, twice per day for 2 days. Macrophages were studied for direct LIV effects. Macrophage media were then transferred to preadipocytes to study both direct macrophage media and indirect LIV effects.
Results: For preadipocytes, LIV induced macrophage media did decrease preadipocyte viability significantly. ELISA showed that macrophage media presence in preadipocytes also increased TNF-a concentration. For macrophages, LIV altered M1 macrophage morphology to resemble M0 morphology. RT-PCR showed that LIV increases specific proinflammatory molecules such as MCP-1 and IL-1β as well as anti-inflammatory molecules such as IL-10 in non-polarized (M0) macrophages.
Discussion/Conclusion: Macrophage media presence influenced preadipocyte phenotype in vitro, possibly due to macrophage related cytokines present in the media. Direct LIV application altered M1 macrophage morphology and increased both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory expression, due to LIV increasing macrophage productivity. Indirect LIV applications (via macrophage media) on preadipocytes can lower preadipocyte viability, possibly due to increased macrophage productivity and waste in media from LIV application.