A study of vertebra and disc geometric relations of the human cervical and lumbar spine

Gilad, Issachar<sup>1</sup>; Nissan, Moshe<sup>2</sup>

Affiliations

¹Research Center for Safety and Human Factors Engineering, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, Israel

²Center for Technological Education, Holon, Holon, Israel

Abstract and keywords

Geometric configuration and dimensions of the human vertebra were investigated using x-ray photographs of 157 normal, healthy men. A simplified model of the vertebra in the midsagittal plane is presented and used as a basis for measurements. Geometric considerations and statistical analysis served for correlating significant measurements of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks of the human spine.

Keywords: vertebrae; human; vercical; lumbar x-ray measurements

Links

DOI: 10.1097/00007632-198603000-00010

PubMed: 3704802

WoS: A1986C179600010

History

Received: 1984-06-26

Accepted: 1985-01-12

Cited By (22)

Year	Entry
2018	John JD, Kumar GS, Arun MWJ, Yoganandan N. Which geometric variations in the cervical spine influence vertebral rotations under combined loading? In: Proceedings of the 2018 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 12-14, 2018; Athens, Greece.150-156.
2023	Iraeus J, Poojary YN, Jaber L, John J, Davidsson J. A new open-source finite element lumbar spine model, its tuning and validation, and development of a tissue-based injury risk function for compression fractures. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-165, 2023; Cambridge, United Kingdom.1048-1072.
2011	Fice JB, Cronin DS, Panzer MB. Cervical spine model to predict capsular ligament response in rear impact. Ann Biomed Eng. August 2011;39(8):2152-2162.
2001	Yoganandan N, Kumaresan S, Pintar FA. Biomechanics of the cervical spine, II: cervical spine soft tissue responses and biomechanical modeling. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). January 2001;16(1):1-27.
1997	Maurel N, Lavaste F, Skalli W. A three-dimensional parameterized finite element model of the lower cervical spine, study of the influence of the posterior articular facets. J Biomech. September 1997;30(9):921-931.
2009	Panzer MB, Cronin DS. C4–C5 segment finite element model development, validation, and load-sharing investigation. J Biomech. March 11, 2009;42(4):480-490.
2017	Barker JB, Cronin DS, Nightingale RW. Lower cervical spine motion segment computational model validation: kinematic and kinetic response for quasi-static and dynamic loading. J Biomech Eng. June 2017;139(6):061009.
2001	Teo EC, Ng HW. Evaluation of the role of ligaments, facets and disc nucleus in lower cervical spine under compression and sagittal moments using finite element method. Med Eng Phys. April 2001;23(3):155-164.
2011	Panzer MB, Fice JB, Cronin DS. Cervical spine response in frontal crash. Med Eng Phys. November 2011;33(9):1147-1159.
1998	Vasavada AN, Li S, Delp SL. Influence of muscle morphometry and moment arms on the moment-generating capacity of human neck muscles. Spine. February 15, 1998;23(4):412-422.
2012	Strange DGT. Mechanics of Biomimetic Materials for Tissue Engineering of the Intervertebral Disc [PhD thesis]. Cambridge, UK: University of Cambridge; December 2012.
2016	Coombs DJ. Finite Element and Probabilistic Analysis of Soft Tissue Structures of the Human Lumbar Spine [PhD thesis]. University of Denver; March 2016.
2011	Dibb AT. Pediatric Head and Neck Dynamic Response: A Computational Study [PhD thesis]. Duke University; 2011.
2012	Luck JF. The Biomechanics of the Perinatal, Neonatal and Pediatric Cervical Spine: Investigation of the Tensile, Bending and Viscoelastic Response [PhD thesis]. Durham, NC: Duke University; 2012.
1999	Vasavada A. Biomechanics and Neural Control of Human Neck Muscles [PhD thesis]. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University; December 1999.
2004	Mordaka JK. Finite Element Analysis of Whiplash Injury for Women [PhD thesis]. Nottingham, UK: Nottingham Trent University; September 2004.
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1999	Cripton PA. Load-Sharing in the Human Cervical Spine [PhD thesis]. Queen's University; November 1999.
2020	Fonseca G. Development of a Functional Spinal Unit for Evaluation of Sports and Automotive Protective Equipment [Master's thesis]. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia; April 2020.
2006	Panzer MB. Numerical Modelling of the Human Cervical Spine in Frontal Impact [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2006.
2010	Fice JB. Numerical Modeling of Whiplash Injury [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2010.
2020	Fabre MAC. Development of Elderly Posture Male and Female Finite Element Neck Models and Assessment of Tissue-Level Response Under Impact Loading [Master's thesis]. University of Waterloo; 2020.