The status of the Vibration Syndrome under the occupational disease scheme in Japan is described and legal disputes involving vibration “disease” are discussed. The one court case in Japan which has come to judgment is considered in detail, particularly the court’s findings on the nature of the Syndrome, the way of assessing severity of the Syndrome, and the level of compensation to be rendered to the victims. Critical views are expressed regarding this court judgment in Japan. Reference is made to the legal approach to this Syndrome in the United Kingdom.