Matched samples of motorcycle riders from mandatory and non-mandatory helmet use midwestern states were tested to determine knowledge about motorcycle helmets and attitude toward motorcycle helmet use. A total of 391 motorcyclists were given knowledge and attitude tests. Knowledge test scores showed no statistical significant differences. However, knowledge from both samples was low indicating a lack of information on helmets in reducing the likelihood of head injury. The attitude scale was found to be a good predictor of helmet use in the sample data derived from the non-mandatory helmet use state. In addition, attitude towards helmet use was significantly more favorable for the subjects from the mandatory helmet use state as compared to the students from the non-mandatory helmet use state.