Computer simulation of headrest design parameters and their effect on whiplash injury prevention

Panjabi, Manohar M.; Delson, Nathan; Wang, Jaw-Lin

Year	Entry
1985	Nygren A, Gustafsson H, Tingvall C. Effects of different types of headrests in rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.85-90. SAE 856023.
1998	Bigi D, Heilig A, Steffan H, Eichberger A. A comparison study of active head restraints for neck protection in rear-end collisions. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). May 31–June 4, 1998; Windsor, Ontario, Canada.1103-1110.
1991	Dvorak J, Panjabi MM, Novotny JE, Antinnes JA. In vivo flexion/extension of the normal cervical spine. J Orthop Res. November 1991;9(6):828-834.
1999	Panjabi MM, Wang J-L, Delson N. Neck injury criterion based on intervertebral motions and its evaluation using an instrumented neck dummy. In: Proceedings of the 1999 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 23-24, 1999; Sitges, Spain.179-190.
1994	de Jager M, Sauren A, Thunnissen J, Wismans J. A three-dimensional head-neck model: validation for frontal and lateral impacts. In: Proceedings of the 38th Stapp Car Crash Conference. October 31–November 2, 1994; Fort Lauderdale, FL. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers:93-109. SAE 942211.
1998	Panjabi MM, Cholewicki J, Nibu K, Babat LB, Dvorak J. Simulation of whiplash trauma using whole cervical spine specimens. Spine. January 1998;23(1):17-24.
1991	Panjabi MM, Duranceau J, Goel V, Oxland T, Takata K. Cervical human vertebrae: quantitative three-dimensional anatomy of the middle and lower regions. Spine. August 1991;16(8):861-869.