Pedestrian post-impact kinematics and injury patterns

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Ravani, B.¹; Brougham, D.¹; Mason, R. T.¹

Pedestrian post-impact kinematics and injury patterns

Proceedings of the 25th Stapp Car Crash Conference

Affiliations

¹Traffic Safety Research Corporation, Palo Alto, CA
Abstract

In this paper, frontal motor vehicle pedestrian collisions are classified according to post-impact pedestrian kinematics observed in real world vehicle vs. pedestrian accidents. Results from in-depth pedestrian accident investigations [ 1 ] ** provide the medico-engineering basis for this study. It was found that impact-induced pedestrian motion is influenced by the relative configuration of the vehicle and pedestrian at impact as well as the vehicle's impact speed and deceleration rate. Injury patterns were found to be dependent on the trajectory type in addition to impact severity and characteristics of the vehicle and roadway.

five basic kinematic trajectories have been identified for frontal collision cases and are described as: wrap, forward projection, fender vault, roof vault, and somersault. Pedestrian injury patterns are analyzed for each of the trajectory types; an injury risk index is defined; and the associated injury risks are compared.

It is hoped that classification of the characteristic injury patterns and trajectories can facilitate vehicle design improvements to reduce pedestrian injury severity.
Links

DOI: 10.4271/811024

SAE: 811024

Cited By (9)

Year	Entry
2001	Kress TA, Porta DJ. Characterization of leg injuries from motor vehicle impacts. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 4-7, 2001; Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
2005	Depriester J-P, Perrin C, Serre T, Chalandon S. Comparison of several methods for real pedestrian accident reconstruction. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 6-9, 2005; Washington, DC.
2007	Chalandon S, Serre T, Masson C, Minne F, Arnoux P-J, Perrin C, Borde P, Cotte C, Brunet C, Cesari D. A comparative study between subsystem and global approaches for the pedestrian impact. In: Proceedings of the 20th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 18-21, 2007; Lyon, France.
1985	Aldman B, Kajzer J, Anderlind T, Malmqvist M, Mellander H, Turbell T. Load transfer from the striking vehicle in side and pedestrian impacts. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.620-637. SAE 856082.
1985	Costanzo A. General problems concerning car-pedestrian collision. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Technical Conference on Experimental Safety Vehicles (ESV). July 1-4, 1985; Oxford, England.943-948. SAE 856109.
2006	Serre T, Masson C, Perrin C, Chalandon S, Llari M, Cavallero C, Py M, Cesari D. Pedestrian and cyclist accidents: a comparative study using in-depth investigation, multibody simulation and experimental test. In: Proceedings of the 2006 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 20-22, 2006; Madrid, Spain.303-317.
2015	Piantini S, Baldanzini N, Pierini M, Mangini M, Franci A, Peris A. An overview on pedestrians and cyclists serious injuries in urban accidents. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.37-48.
2015	Suárez del Fueyo R, Junge M, López‐Valdés FJ. Pedestrian fatal head injury risk as a function of the wrap around distance (WAD) and the front geometry of the vehicle. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.515-529.
2023	Halari MM. The Significance of Injuries and Anatomical Patterns of Trauma in Pedestrian and Cyclist Fatalities and Their Association With Motor Vehicle Collision Dynamics and Post-Collision Kinematics [PhD thesis]. University of Western Ontario; 2023.