AN ELEVEN-DEGREE-of-freedom nonlinear mathematical model of an automobile traversing a variety of irregular terrain features and encountering a variety of roadside obstacles has been formulated and programmed for a digital computer. The primary objective of the described research has been to develop analytical means of evaluating existing and proposed roadside energy conversion systems. However, the developed computer simulation also has potential applications in the reconstruction of single vehicle accidents and in studies of the driving task at the upper limits of vehicle control. A unique feature is the simulation of combined cornering and ride motions. In its present form, the computer program includes open-loop evasive maneuvers.

The results of a review of single vehicle accident statistics and measurements of structural load-deformation properties of automobiles, performed within this research program, are both presented. The mathematical model is described, and a series of comparisons is presented between simulated responses and test results from the literature. The comparisons include cornering, ride, curb and bridge parapet impact, guardrail impact, ditch traversal, and skidding responses.