Characterization of the pediatic chest and abdomen using three post-mortem human subjects

wbldb

Kent, Richard¹; Lopez-Valdes, Francisco J.¹; Lamp, John¹; Lau, Sabrina¹; Parent, Daniel¹; Kerrigan, Jason¹; Lessley, David¹; Salzar, Robert¹

Characterization of the pediatic chest and abdomen using three post-mortem human subjects

Proceedings of the 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV)

Affiliations

¹Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, United States
Abstract

This paper reports a series of experiments on 6, 7, and 15 year-old pediatric post-mortem human subjects (PMHS) undertaken to guide the scaling of existing adult thoracic response data for application to the child and to assess the validity of a juvenile porcine abdominal model. The pediatric PMHS exhibited abdominal response similar to the swine, including the degree of rate sensitivity. The thoraces of the PMHS were as stiff as, or slightly more stiff than, published adult corridors. An assessment of age-related changes in thoracic stiffness supports our earlier suggestion (2009) that the effective stiffness of the chest increases through the fourth decade of life and then decreases, resulting in stiffness values similar for children and elderly adults.
Links

URL: http://www-nrd.nhtsa.dot.gov/pdf/esv/esv22/22ESV-000394.pdf

Cited Works (13)

Year	Entry
2005	Arbogast KB, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR. Effectiveness of high back and backless belt-positioning booster seats in side impact crashes. In: 49th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 12-14, 2005; Boston, MA.201-213.
1993	Tso EL, Beaver BL, Haller JA Jr. Abdominal injuries in restrained pediatric passengers. J Pediatr Surg. 1993;28(7):915-919.
1997	Trosseille X, Chamouard F, Tarrière C. Abdominal injury risk to children and its prevention. In: Proceedings of the 1997 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 24-26, 1997; Hannover, Germany.153-163.
2003	Orzechowski KM, Edgerton EA, Bulas DI, McLaughlin PM, Eichelberger MR. Patterns of injury to restrained children in side impact motor vehicle crashes: the side impact syndrome. J Trauma. June 2003;54(6):1094-1101.
2001	Durbin DR, Arbogast KB, Moll EK. Seat belt syndrome in children: a case report and review of the literature. Pediatr Emerg Care. December 2001;17(6):474-477.
2003	Durbin DR, Elliott MR, Winston FK. Belt-positioning booster seats and reduction in risk of injury among children in vehicle crashes. JAMA. June 4, 2003;289(21):2835-2840.
2002	Adekoya N, Thurman DJ, White DD, Webb KW. Surveillance for traumatic brain injury deaths: United States, 1989–1998. MMWR Surveill Summ. December 6, 2002;51(20):1-14.
2006	Ouyang J, Zhao W, Xu Y, Chen W, Zhong S. Thoracic impact testing of pediatric cadaveric subjects. J Trauma. December 2006;61(6):1492-1500.
2004	Kent R, Lessley D, Sherwood C. Thoracic response to dynamic, non-impact loading from a hub, distributed belt, diagonal belt, and double diagonal belts. Stapp Car Crash J. 2004;48:495-519. SAE 2004-22-0022.
2009	Salzar RS, Bass CR, Lessley D, Crandall JR, Kent RW, Bolton JR. Viscoelastic response of the thorax under dynamic belt loading. Traffic Inj Prev. 2009;10(3):290-296.
2002	Arbogast KB, Cornejo RA, Kallan MJ, Winston FK, Durbin DR. Injuries to children in forward facing child restraints. In: 46th Annual Proceedings, Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM). September 30–October 2, 2002; Tempe, AZ.
2004	Arbogast KB, Chen I, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Injury risks for children in child restraint systems in side impact crashes. In: Proceedings of the 2004 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Impact. September 22-24, 2004; Graz, Austria.25-36.
1985	Bergqvist D, Hedelin H, Lindblad B, Mätzsch T. Abdominal injuries in children: an analysis of 348 cases. Injury. 1985;16(4):217-220.

Cited By (12)

Year	Entry
2015	Takahashi T, Fukushima S, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Injury simulation of rear seat child occupant in offset deformable barrier frontal impact. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 8-11, 2015; Gothenburg, Sweden.
2017	Ito K, Tokuyama M, Miyazaki H, Hayashi S, Kitagawa Y, Yasuki T. Development of child finite element (FE) models and vehicle-to-pedestrian collision simulations. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). June 5-8, 2017; Detroit, MI.
2014	Beillas P, Soni A, Chevalier M, Johannsen H, Müller G, Holtz J. Q6 dummy thoracic response and diagonal belt interactions: observations based on dummy testing and human and dummy simulations. In: Proceedings of the 2014 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 10-12, 2014; Berlin, Germany.332-346.
2015	Rawska K, Kim T, Bollapragada V, Nie B, Crandall J, Daniel T. Evaluation of the biofidelity of multibody paediatric human models under component‐level, blunt impact and belt loading conditions. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.650-671.
2015	Shen M, Zhu F, Jiang B, Sanghavi V, Fan H, Cai Y, Wang Z, Kalra A, Jin X, Chou CC, Yang KH. Development and a limited validation of a whole‐body finite element pedestrian and occupant models of a 10‐year‐old child. In: Proceedings of the 2015 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 9-11, 2015; Lyon, France.672-688.
2017	Visvikis C, Carroll J, Klimitsch C. Sensitivity of the Q‐series abdominal pressure twin sensors to loading type and position in dynamic restraint system loading tests. In: Proceedings of the 2017 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-15, 2017; Antwerp, Belgium.234-243.
2021	Suntay B, Stammen J, Carlson M, Ramachandra R. Abdominal and thoracic injury risk functions for the large omni-directional child (LODC) ATD. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 8-10, 2021; Online.537-555.
2023	Erlinger N, Schinagl M, Krebs C, Arneitz C, Klug C. Simulation of blunt abdominal impacts caused by handlebar ends during bicycle crashes with the PIPER child model. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International IRCOBI Conference on the Biomechanics of Injury. September 13-165, 2023; Cambridge, United Kingdom.136-155.
2012	Beillas P, Alonzo F, Chevalier M-C, Lesire P, Leopold F, Trosseille X, Johannsen H. Abdominal twin pressure sensors for the assessment of abdominal injuries in Q dummies: in-dummy evaluation and performance in accident reconstructions. Stapp Car Crash J. October 2012;56:387-410.
2014	Jiang B, Cao L, Mao H, Wagner C, Marek S, Yang KH. Development of a 10-year-old paediatric thorax finite element model validated against cardiopulmonary resuscitation data. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng. 2014;17(11):1185-1197.
2020	Marinho L. The Relationship Between Fracture Morphology and Bone Biomechanics: A Study of Changes Occurring in Juvenile Porcine Ribs Over the Early Postmortem Interval [PhD thesis]. Simon Fraser University; 2020.
2017	Yaek JL. Biofidelity Assessment of 6-Year-Old Anthropometric Test Devices (ATDs) and Scaling Laws in Lateral Impact [PhD thesis]. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University; 2017.